Catchwords

2111 legal topics across 1374 cases

Family Law — Matrimonial assets — Division 45 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Sentencing — Appeals 33 Family Law — Maintenance — Child 26 Family Law — Maintenance — Wife 25 Contract — Breach 24 Damages — Assessment 23 Arbitration — Award — Recourse against award — Setting aside 23 Criminal Law — Appeal 22 Criminal Law — Statutory offences — Misuse of Drugs Act 22 Civil Procedure — Striking out 19 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Sentencing 18 Civil Procedure — Costs 18 Criminal Law — Offences — Rape 16 Criminal Law — Offences — Sexual offences 16 Family Law — Custody — Care and control 16 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Appeal 15 Family Law — Custody — Access 14 Tort — Misrepresentation — Fraud and deceit 14 Tort — Conspiracy 12 Restitution — Unjust enrichment 12 Contract — Contractual terms 11 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Stay of execution 10 Tort — Inducement of breach of contract 9 Tort — Negligence — Duty of care 9 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Appeal — Adducing fresh evidence 9 Contract — Formation — Certainty of terms 9 Companies — Directors — Duties 9 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Sentencing — Young offenders 9 Criminal Law — Offences — Outrage of modesty 9 Civil Procedure — Pleadings — Striking out 9 Tort — Misrepresentation — Negligent misrepresentation 9 Legal Profession — Disciplinary proceedings 8 Tort — Negligence — Breach of duty 8 Tort — Negligence — Causation 8 Civil Procedure — Pleadings — Amendment 8 Abuse of Process — Henderson v Henderson doctrine 7 Civil Procedure — Service 7 Res Judicata — Extended doctrine of res judicata 7 Legal Profession — Professional conduct — Breach 7 Criminal Law — Statutory offences — Penal Code 7 Civil Procedure — Appeals — Leave 7 Civil Procedure — Stay of proceedings 7 Contract — Contractual terms — Implied terms 7 Arbitration — Award — Recourse against award — Setting aside — Breach of natural justice 7 Civil Procedure — Judgments and orders 7 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Sentencing — Principles 7 Constitutional Law — Equal protection of the law 6 Civil Procedure — Costs — Security 6 Civil Procedure — Extension of time 6 Damages — Measure of damages — Personal injuries cases 6 Trusts — Resulting trusts 6 Companies — Oppression — Minority shareholders 6 Equity — Fiduciary relationships — When arising 6 Family Law — Maintenance 6 Arbitration — Restraint of proceedings — Foreign judicial 6 Insolvency Law — Cross-border insolvency — Recognition of foreign insolvency proceedings 6 Tort — Conspiracy — Unlawful means conspiracy 6 Legal Profession — Admission 6 Civil Procedure — Summary judgment 6 Contract — Formation 6 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Criminal review 6 Intellectual Property — Law of confidence — Breach of confidence 5 Civil Procedure — Mareva injunctions 5 Civil Procedure — Costs — Principles 5 Contract — Contractual terms — Express terms 5 Employment Law — Termination 5 Contract — Contractual terms — Unfair Contract Terms Act 5 Trusts — Constructive trusts 5 Family Law — Consent orders — Variation 5 Arbitration — Enforcement — Foreign award 5 Res Judicata — Issue estoppel 5 Contract — Contractual terms — Rules of construction 5 Tort — Negligence — Contributory negligence 5 Insolvency Law — Avoidance of transactions — Transactions at an undervalue 5 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Sentencing — Benchmark sentences 5 Civil Procedure — Inherent powers 5 Constitutional Law — Fundamental liberties — Right to life and personal liberty 5 Civil Procedure — Pleadings 5 Contract — Contractual terms — Parol evidence rule 4 Family Law — Personal Protection Order 4 Family Law — Costs 4 Family Law — Matrimonial Assets — Division 4 Trusts — Breach of trust — Remedies 4 Tort — Conversion 4 Conflict of Laws — Natural forum 4 Contempt of Court — Civil contempt 4 Criminal Law — Statutory offences — Companies Act 4 Criminal Law — Offences — Murder 4 Tort — Vicarious liability 4 Trusts — Resulting trusts — Presumed resulting trusts 4 Landlord and Tenant — Recovery of possession — Holding over — Double rent chargeable for duration of holding over 4 Family Law — Matrimonial assets 4 Family Law — Child — Maintenance of child 4 Equity — Remedies — Account 4 Arbitration — Arbitral tribunal — Jurisdiction 4 Civil Procedure — Production of documents 4 Trusts — Constructive trusts — Common intention constructive trusts 4 Tort — Negligence 4 Civil Procedure — No case to answer 4 Professions — Medical profession and practice — Professional conduct 4 Debt and Recovery — Right of set-off 4 Contract — Misrepresentation — Fraudulent 4 Insolvency Law — Winding up — Winding-up order 4 Credit and Security — Money and moneylenders — Illegal moneylending 4 Contract — Remedies — Damages 4 Limitation of Actions — Particular causes of action — Contract 4 Legal Profession — Admission — Ad hoc 4 Civil Procedure — Discovery of documents — Specific discovery 4 Criminal Law — Statutory offences — Road Traffic Act 4 Insolvency Law — Winding up — Grounds for petition 4 Credit and Security — Money and moneylenders — Loans of money 3 Civil Procedure — Striking Out 3 Evidence — Witnesses — Corroboration 3 Employment Law — Employers’ duties 3 Employment Law — Contract of service — Breach 3 Abuse of Process — Collateral purpose 3 Criminal Law — Offences — Grievous hurt 3 Damages — Special damages 3 Insolvency Law — Avoidance of transactions — Dispositions of property after commencement of insolvency proceedings 3 Statutory Interpretation — Construction of statute — Purposive approach 3 Contempt of Court — Sentencing 3 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Statements — Admissibility 3 Evidence — Admissibility of evidence — Hearsay 3 Criminal Law — Statutory offences — Securities and Futures Act 3 Civil Procedure — Damages — Interest 3 Arbitration — Award — Recourse against award — Remission 3 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Trials — Whether accused person received inadequate legal assistance from trial counsel 3 Arbitration — Agreement — Scope 3 Civil Procedure — Appeals — Permission 3 Civil Procedure — Costs — Taxation 3 Arbitration — Arbitrability and public policy 3 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Review 3 Constitutional Law — Equality before the law 3 Legal Profession — Bill of costs 3 Restitution — Unjust enrichment — Total failure of consideration 3 Family Law — Grounds for divorce — Behaviour 3 Landlord and Tenant — Covenants — Breach of tenant’s covenants 3 Family Law — Maintenance — Spouse 3 Family Law — Matrimonial assets — Division — Court drawing adverse inference for failure to make full and frank disclosure 3 Family Law — Matrimonial assets — Matrimonial home 3 Injunctions — Mareva injunction — Setting aside 3 Civil Procedure — Service — Setting aside 3 Abuse of Process — Riddick principle 3 Civil Procedure — Appeals — Adducing fresh evidence on appeal 3 Employment Law — Unfair dismissal 3 Damages — Compensation and damages 3 Insolvency Law — Bankruptcy 3 Confidence — Breach of confidence 3 Trusts — Accessory liability — Knowing receipt 3 Insolvency Law — Avoidance of transactions — Unfair preferences 3 Contract — Variation 3 Tort — Conspiracy — Combination 3 Contract — Remedies — Deposits 3 Evidence — Admissibility of evidence 3 Intellectual Property — Trade marks and trade names — Passing off 3 Civil Procedure — Appeals 3 Intellectual Property — Copyright — Infringement 3 Contract — Illegality and public policy — Restraint of trade 3 Criminal Law — Statutory Offences — Penal Code 3 Contract — Contractual terms — Exclusion clauses 3 Land — Sale of land — Sale under court order 3 Statutory Interpretation — Construction of statute 3 Insolvency Law — Bankruptcy — Statutory demand 3 Arbitration — Award — Setting aside 3 Evidence — Proof of evidence — Onus of proof 3 Companies — Incorporation of companies — Lifting corporate veil 3 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Criminal references 3 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Criminal review — Permission for review 3 Civil Procedure — Amendments 3 Arbitration — Stay of court proceedings — Court’s discretion under Arbitration Act 3 Contract — Formation — Acceptance 2 Tort — Defamation — Fair comment 2 Tort — Defamation — Justification 2 Tort — Defamation — Qualified privilege 2 Tort — Defamation — Defamatory statements 2 Damages — Liquidated damages or penalty 2 Trusts — Trustees — Duties 2 Equity — Fiduciary relationships — Duties 2 Contract — Intention to create legal relations — Sham 2 Civil Procedure — Pleadings — Adequacy of pleadings 2 Damages — Remoteness 2 Contract — Misrepresentation 2 Arbitration - Award - Recourse against award - Setting aside 2 Land — Easements — Rights of way — Section 97A of the Land Titles Act 1993 (2020 Rev Ed) 2 Injunctions — Mandatory injunction — Order to remove structures that have been installed 2 Injunctions — Prohibitory injunction — Order to restrain from impeding or obstructing entry of vehicles 2 Civil Procedure — Amendments — Orders — Election of remedies 2 Damages – Assessment 2 Civil Procedure — Material non-disclosure — Setting aside 2 Building and Construction Law — Dispute resolution — Alternative dispute resolution procedures 2 Legal Profession — Conflict of interest 2 Civil Procedure — Costs — Personal liability of solicitor for costs 2 Professions — Medical profession and practice — Liability 2 Tort — Defamation — Publication 2 Contract — Consideration — Promissory estoppel 2 Legal Profession — Duties — Paramount duty to the court 2 Tort — Misrepresentation 2 Legal Profession — Disciplinary proceedings — Review of determination of disciplinary tribunal 2 Arbitration — Stay of court proceedings 2 Intellectual Property — Trade marks and trade names — Infringement — Internet usage 2 Admiralty and Shipping — Admiralty jurisdiction and arrest — Action in rem — Statutory liens 2 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Stay of execution — Application under s 60G of the Supreme Court of Judicature Act 1969 (2020 Rev Ed) for permission to make a post-appeal application in a capital case 2 Courts and Jurisdiction — Jurisdiction 2 Contract — Remedies — Damages — Causation 2 Damages — Measure of damages — Contract — Damages for misdelivery of cargo 2 Admiralty and Shipping — Bills of lading — Delivery of cargo against presentation of bills of lading 2 Civil Procedure — Appeals — Leave — Permission to appeal 2 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Sentencing — Principles — Discretion to impose imprisonment in lieu of caning 2 Abuse of process — Collateral purpose 2 Contract – Breach 2 Tort — Malicious falsehood 2 Damages — Measure of damages — Personal Injuries cases 2 Family Law - Stay of proceedings 2 Family Law - Maintenance - Child 2 Family Law – Maintenance – Child 2 Contract — Contractual terms — Construction 2 Succession and Wills — Testamentary capacity — Mental disability 2 Civil Procedure — Appeals — Notice 2 Equity — Remedies — Equitable accounting 2 Trusts — Constructive trusts — Common intention constructive trust 2 Family Law — Child — Custody 2 Civil Procedure — Further arguments 2 Injunctions — Unconscionability 2 Restitution — Unjust enrichment — Failure of consideration — Counter-restitution 2 Landlord and Tenant — Termination of leases — Forfeiture — Waiver of right to forfeiture 2 Landlord and Tenant — Termination of leases — Forfeiture — Requirements under section 18(1) of Conveyancing and Law of Property Act 2 Family Law — Matrimonial assets — Division — Alleged dissipation of matrimonial assets 2 Family Law — Matrimonial assets — Division — Whether an adverse inference should be drawn 2 Family Law - Matrimonial assets - Division 2 Probate and Administration — Grant of probate — Revocation 2 Family Law - Custody - Care and control 2 Family Law - Consent orders - Variation 2 Family Law — Matrimonial proceedings — Jurisdiction 2 Family Law — Child —Relocation 2 Abuse of Process — Inconsistent positions 2 Arbitration — Conduct of arbitration — Estoppel 2 Arbitration — Award — Recourse against award — Setting aside — Jurisdiction 2 Arbitration — Award — Recourse against award — Breach of natural justice 2 Insolvency Law — Cross-border insolvency 2 Insolvency Law — Bankruptcy — Interim order 2 Arbitration — Stay of court proceedings — Case management stay 2 Tort — Unlawful means conspiracy 2 Restitution — Change of position 2 Restitution — Failure of consideration 2 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Statements — Voluntariness 2 Credit and Security — Performance bond 2 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Sentencing — Persistent offenders 2 Criminal Law — Offences — Endangered species 2 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Disposal of property 2 Intellectual Property — Trade marks and trade names — Remedies — Statutory damages 2 Tort — Trespass — Land 2 Land — Interest in land — Tenancy in common — Ouster 2 Administrative Law — Judicial review — Wednesbury unreasonableness 2 Legal Profession — Show cause action 2 Administrative Law — Judicial review 2 Tort — Negligence — Res ipsa loquitur 2 Trusts — Accessory liability — Dishonest assistance 2 Insolvency Law — Avoidance of transactions — Intent to defraud 2 Family Law — Advancement — Presumption 2 Land — Interest in land — Joint tenancy 2 Contract — Illegality and public policy 2 Contract — Misrepresentation Act 2 Contract — Waiver 2 Insolvency Law — Winding up — Grounds for petition — Just and equitable jurisdiction 2 Civil Procedure — Discontinuance — With leave 2 Civil Procedure — Injunctions 2 Criminal Law — Special exceptions — Sudden fight 2 Civil Procedure — Costs — Indemnity costs 2 Civil Procedure — Parties — Self-representation of company 2 Insolvency Law — Bankruptcy — Trustee in bankruptcy 2 Contract — Contractual terms — Interpretation 2 Legal Profession — Disciplinary proceedings — Sentencing 2 Damages — Mitigation — Tort 2 Legal Profession — Professional conduct — Grossly improper conduct 2 Equity — Fiduciary relationships 2 Intellectual Property — Trade marks and trade names — Passing off — Misrepresentation 2 Damages — Quantum 2 Employment Law — Contract of service — Termination without notice 2 Civil Procedure — Mareva injunctions — Real risk of dissipation 2 Criminal Law — Statutory offences — Immigration Act 2 Tort — Conspiracy — Lawful means conspiracy 2 Limitation of Actions — Particular causes of action — Tort 2 Criminal Law — Statutory offences — Prevention of Corruption Act 2 Contract — Undue influence — Presumed 2 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Sentencing — Attempted murder 2 Equity — Estoppel — Proprietary estoppel 2 Damages — Practice and procedure 2 Tort – Conspiracy 2 Tort – Misrepresentation – Fraud and deceit 2 Criminal Law — Offences — Property — Cheating 2 Insolvency Law — Winding up — Proof of debt 2 Civil Procedure — Stay of proceedings — Appeal 2 Arbitration — Award — Recourse against award — Setting aside — Whether tribunal breached natural justice by depriving party of reasonable opportunity to respond to case against it 2 Administrative Law — Remedies — Declaration 2 Equity — Defences — Laches 2 Family Law — Consent orders 2 Companies — Members — Meetings 2 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Sentencing — Sentencing framework 2 Family Law – Personal Protection Order – Necessity 2 Family Law – Personal Protection Order – Emotional or Psychological Abuse 2 Damages — Assessment — Defamation 2 Tort — Breach of statutory duty — Duties imposed by statute 2 Companies — Oppression 2 Contract — Formation — Oral agreement 2 Intellectual Property — Trade marks and trade names — Infringement 2 Restitution — Unjust enrichment — Contribution from co-debtor 2 Trusts — Express trusts 2 Bailment — Negligence 2 Courts and Jurisdiction — Court judgments 2 Arbitration — Agreement — Separability 2 Arbitration — Conduct of arbitration — Waiver of objections 2 Credit and Security — Guarantees and indemnities 2 Constitutional Law — Judicial review 2 Tort — Negligence — Damages 2 Companies — Winding up 2 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Sentencing — Applicability of mandatory minimum sentence to an attempt to commit the offence of aggravated statutory rape 2 Agency — Ratification — Conditions 2 Conflict of Laws - Natural forum 2 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Sentencing — Date of commencement 2 Contract — Remedies — Liquidated damages — Penalties 2 Civil Procedure — Service — Leave for service out of jurisdiction 2 Family Law — Matrimonial assets — Division — Dual-income and single-income marriage 2 Evidence — Proof of evidence — Presumptions 2 Equity — Estoppel — Promissory estoppel 2 Contract — Duress — Illegitimate pressure 2 Arbitration — Agreement — Breach 2 Arbitration — Stay of court proceedings — Grounds 2 Civil Procedure — Judgments and orders — Peremptory orders 2 Civil Procedure — Production of documents — Legal privilege 2 Civil Procedure — Production of documents — Private or internal correspondence 2 Legal Profession — Duties — Duty of candour 2 Criminal Law — Statutory offences — Employment of Foreign Manpower Act 2 Insolvency Law — Judicial management — Extension of time 2 Insolvency Law — Judicial management — Whether judicial management order should be extended 2 Insolvency Law — Judicial management — Whether time to put forward statement of proposals should be extended 2 Companies — Receiver and manager — Judicial management order — Whether judicial management order should be extended 2 Civil Procedure — Service — Service out of jurisdiction 2 Damages — Computation 2 Insolvency Law — Administration of insolvent estates — Conduct of legal proceedings 2 Insolvency Law - Winding up - Grounds for petition 2 Criminal Law — Statutory offences — Customs Act 2 Limitation of Actions — Particular causes of action — Trust property 2 Insolvency Law — Winding up — Liquidator 2 Criminal Law — Statutory offences — Road Traffic Act 1961 2 Evidence — Adverse inferences 2 Employment Law — Contract of service — Restrictive covenants — Enforceability of restraint of trade clauses 2 Contract — Illegality and public policy — Common law 2 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Revision of proceedings 2 Companies — Directors — Duties — Breach of director’s duties 2 Trusts — Quistclose trusts 2 Tort — Conversion — Standing to sue 1 Tort — Conversion — Whether the giving of instructions to release delivery orders constitutes an act of conversion 1 Admiralty and Shipping — Bills of lading — Financier pledging bills of lading to issuing bank as security for loan — Bank returning bills of lading to financier under trust receipt arrangement — Whether pledge was extinguished by redelivery of the bills to the financier 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing - Stay of execution 1 [Contempt of Court — Civil contempt ] 1 NEIGHBOUR DISPUTE — Access to property — Right to enjoyment or use of place of residence — Omission — Unreasonable interference 1 Tort — Defamation — Damages Tort — Defamation — Defamatory statements — Whether publications made to the sporting community about its sports association’s executive committee are defamatory in nature Tort — Defamation — Defamatory statements — Whether the contents of a special resolution submitted for an annual general meeting are defamatory in nature Tort — Defamation — Malice — Whether the defendant acted with malice by making the defamatory publications to prevent the claimant from serving on the executive committee of a sports association Tort — Defamation — Publication — Whether the creator of a collaborative online document that can be accessed and edited by multiple users is responsible for its publication Tort — Defamation — Qualified privilege – Whether the defence of qualified privilege applies to publications made to the sporting community about its sports association’s executive committee 1 Civil Procedure — Pleadings — Striking out of pleadings — Whether abuse of process, under O 9 r 16(1)(b) Rules of Court (2021) 1 Civil Procedure — Foreign judgments — Enforcement — Common law action for enforcement of foreign judgment in personam in Singapore — Requirements for enforcement of foreign judgment in personam — Requirement of foreign judgment being for fixed sum of money — Whether judgment of Stockholm District Court for payment of child maintenance can be enforced in Singapore by way of a common law action 1 Contract — Sale of land — Vendor causing delay to completion of sale — Whether delay constituted default pursuant to condition 9.2 Law Society’s Conditions of Sale 2020 — Whether vendor liable for late completion interest 1 Contract — Breach — Whether sub-contractor breached its contractual obligations by failing to perform the scope of work required 1 Building and Construction Law — Damages — Incomplete work 1 Building and Construction Law — Damages — Defects and delay in completion 1 Contract — Privity of contract — Contacts (Rights of Third Parties) Act) 1 Landlord and Tenant — Breach of contract 1 Landlord and Tenant — Covenant for quiet enjoyment 1 Tort — Defamation — Injunction — Final prohibitory injunction restraining future publication of allegedly defamatory statements — Applicable principles for granting final prohibitory injunction in defamation actions 1 Tort — Defamation — Publication — Internet defamation — Allegedly defamatory comments being posted online — Whether publication element in defamation law satisfied — Whether the comments were published by the defendant — Whether the comments were read by a substantial number of readers in Singapore 1 Tort – Negligence 1 Civil Procedure — Defendants failing to comply with directions of the court to file and serve further and better particulars and to provide copies of the documents referred to in the defendants’ list of documents — Breach of “unless orders” — defendants’ failure to comply with “unless order” — Whether “unless order” breached — Whether breach of “unless order” was intentional and contumelious — Whether striking out of defence justified 1 Tort – Negligence – Motor Accident – Liability 1 Tort — Defamation — Whether claim in slander is actionable pursuant to section 5 of the Defamation Act 1957 1 Insurance –Homeowner’s insurance policy – Personal liability coverage – Insurer’s duty to defend the insured against claims – Insured sued by business associate – Whether insurer liable to indemnify insured against damages arising from suit – Whether insurer’s duty to defend insured against suit is separate from duty to indemnify her against damages – Whether insurer’s liability to indemnify insured against damages excluded under policy 1 Contract – Remedies – Deposit Restitution – Unjust enrichment – Recovery of deposit on grounds of unjust enrichment Tort – Misrepresentation – Fraud and deceit 1 Family Law — Procedure — Application for Disclosure 1 Family Law — Procedure — Striking Off the Hearing List 1 Family Law – Family Violence – Causing Hurt 1 Family Law – Family Violence – Procedure – Effect of withdrawal dismissal 1 Family Law – Family Violence – Procedure – Failure to include incidents of family violence in complaint form 1 Family Law – Family Violence – Effect of warnings issued by Family Law – Family Violence – Reasoning by propensity 1 Family Law – Maintenance – Child Family Law – Examination of Children – Expert Evidence – Whether leave should be granted for applicant to adduce and rely upon medical reports and whether leave should be granted for child to be examined and assessed 1 Family Law — Substituted Service 1 Family Law - Custody - Access - Enforcement of child access order 1 Family law - Divorce - Setting aside of order on ancillary matters and final judgment - Variation of order on ancillary matters 1 Custody 1 Variation of Access 1 Variation of Maintenance 1 Variation of Care and Control 1 Mental Capacity – Cognitive Impairment – Functional and Clinical Components – Capacity to execute documents 1 Insolvency Law — Bankruptcy — Proof of Debt Companies — Directors — Duties 1 Civil Procedure — Appeals — Further evidence 1 Trusts — Trustees — Removal 1 Civil Procedure — Appeals — Permission to appeal 1 [Family Law — Maintenance — Wife] 1 [Family Law — Maintenance — Child — Apportionment of maintenance ] 1 [Family Law — Matrimonial assets — Division — Dual-income or single-income marriage] 1 Family Law — Matrimonial proceedings — Stay of execution of judgment 1 Family Law — Divorce — Appeal against interim judgment 1 Family Law — Mareva injunction — Consent order 1 Family Law — Therapeutic Justice 1 Civil Procedure — Costs — Security — Whether different principles for ordering security for costs apply in judicial review proceedings 1 Limitation Of Actions — When Time Begins To Run 1 Civil Procedure — Stay of proceedings — Case management stay 1 Administrative Law — Judicial Review 1 Building and Construction Law — Standard form contracts — Public sector 1 Building and Construction Law — Quantum Meruit — Profit and attendance fees 1 Building and Construction Law — Quantum Meruit — Assessment of reasonable sum of remuneration 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Bail — Bail pending appeal 1 Tort — Conspiracy — Whether combination between alleged conspirators proven 1 Tort — Misrepresentation — Fraud and deceit — Whether representation made fraudulently 1 Tort — Misrepresentation — Fraud and deceit — Confirmation of delivery signed by customers — Whether written representation made by sellers 1 Commercial transactions — Sale of goods — Breach of contract — Whether implied conditions in Sale of Goods Act 1979 (2020 Rev Ed) breached 1 Damages — Practice and procedure — Plaintiff partially compensated by other parties out of court — Whether claim should be barred because of risk of double recovery 1 Contract — Illegality and public policy — Unpleaded illegal object — Whether court should make finding of illegality — Whether knowledge of illegal object should be imputed to plaintiff buyer 1 Civil Procedure — Judgments and orders — Stay of execution of judgment pending appeal — Stay of execution of costs order 1 Insolvency Law — Winding up — Grounds for petition — Abuse of process 1 Insolvency Law — Winding up — Disputed debt — Triable issues standard 1 Arbitration — Stay of court proceedings — Whether grounds of disputed debt within scope of arbitration agreement 1 Courts and Jurisdiction — Vexatious litigants 1 Contract — Variation — Whether term of employee’s remuneration could be unilaterally varied 1 Employment Law — Contract of service — Whether employee’s conduct amounted to breach of employment contract — Whether employer entitled to terminate employee without notice 1 Injunctions — Interlocutory injunction— Whether defendant acted fraudulently in making demand 1 Damages — Measure of damages — Dependency claims for death caused by wrongful act – Application of actuarial tables to dependency claims 1 Insolvency Law — Bankruptcy — Bankruptcy effects 1 Civil Procedure — Stay of enforcement 1 Building and Construction Law — Building and Construction Industry Security of Payment Act 2004 1 Admiralty and Shipping — Admiralty jurisdiction and arrest — Stay of action in favour of arbitration 1 Admiralty and Shipping — Enforcement of foreign arbitral award — Lifting stay of action – Judgment in rem 1 Contract — Implied terms 1 Contract — Interpretation 1 Contract – Remedies – Damages 1 Civil Procedure — Service — Out of jurisdiction — Setting aside 1 Civil Procedure — Stay of proceedings — Limited stay pending outcome of foreign proceedings 1 Companies – Winding up – Just and equitable ground 1 Insolvency Law – Winding up – Grounds for petition 1 Civil Procedure — Striking out — Factual unsustainability 1 Civil Procedure — Striking out — No reasonable cause of action — Respondent relying on purported novel issues of law 1 Building and Construction Law — Quantum meruit 1 Building and Construction Law — Scope of works 1 Building and Construction Law — Terms — Implied terms 1 Building and Construction Law — Formation and interpretation 1 Building and Construction Law — Damages — Damages for defects 1 Building and Construction Law — Construction torts — Negligence 1 Building and Construction Law — Contractors’ duties — Duty as to materials and workmanship 1 Civil Procedure — Privileges — Legal professional privilege — Waiver 1 Civil Procedure — Privileges — Legal professional privilege — Joint interest privilege 1 Civil Procedure — Privileges — Legal professional privilege — Common interest privilege 1 Insurance — Motor vehicle insurance — Recovery of unsatisfied judgment from Motor Insurers’ Bureau (“MIB”) 1 Insurance — Motor vehicle insurance — Section 9(1) Motor Vehicles (Third Party Risks and Compensation) Act 1960 1 Res Judicata — Extended doctrine of res judicata — Whether appropriate to consider in applications preceding proceedings that ought to be precluded by res judicata 1 Arbitration — Sections 4 and 5 Arbitration (International Investment Disputes) Act 1968 1 International Law — Sovereign immunity — Sections 3(1), 4(1), and 11(1) State Immunity Act 1979 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 International Law – Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of other States 1 Arbitration – Recognition and enforcement — Award under the Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of other States 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing—Sentencing—Appeals—Amalgamated charges 1 Legal Profession—Unauthorised person— Failure to renew practising certificate 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Sentencing — Penalties 1 Financial and Securities Market — Securities — False trading 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Sentencing — Rule against double counting 1 Criminal Law — Statutory offences — Multi-Level Marketing and Pyramid Selling (Prohibition) Act 1 Insolvency Law — Avoidance of transactions — Transactions at an undervalue — Whether transfer of property pursuant to ancillary relief order may be challenged as a transaction at an undervalue — Section 361 of the Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act 2018 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Arbitration — Enforcement — Foreign award — Whether the doctrine of laches is applicable 1 Arbitration — Enforcement — Foreign award — Whether the claims in the arbitration were time barred 1 Arbitration — Enforcement — Foreign award — Whether the defendant had proper notice of the arbitration and was able to present its case 1 Arbitration — Enforcement — Foreign award — Whether enforcement was time barred under s 6(1)(c) of the Limitation Act 1959 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Landlord & Tenant — Covenants — Subletting Landlord & Tenant— Termination of leases 1 Agency — Termination 1 Land — Strata titles — Meetings — Whether company representatives appointed under paragraph 16 of the First Schedule of the Building (Strata Management) Act 2004 are subject to the 2% proxy rule 1 Statutory Interpretation — S 44 of the Estate Agents Act 2010 1 Contract — Contractual terms — Implied terms — Whether an agent is the effective cause of a sale 1 Companies — Oppression — Minority shareholders — Exercise of remedial discretion to bring to an end or remedy oppressive conduct complained of — Whether minority shareholder should be paid out of net proceeds of en bloc sale of total equity of company in priority to majority shareholder — Section 216(2) Companies Act 1967 1 Companies — Oppression — Minority shareholders — Exercise of remedial discretion to bring to an end or remedy oppressive conduct complained of — Whether minority shareholder should receive discretionary enhancement in economic value from en bloc sale of total equity of company to account for interest on purchase price — Whether economic value to be received by minority shareholder from en bloc sale of total equity of company should be set at quantum at least as high as economic value minority shareholder would have received from prior buy-out order based on valuation rendered by court but-for subsequent non-implementation of buy-out order by majority shareholder — Section 216(2) Companies Act 1967. 1 Arbitration — Award — Recourse against award — Setting aside — Section 24(b) International Arbitration Act 1994 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Tort — Misrepresentation — Fraud and deceit — Applicable principles for ascertaining representor of false representation of fact 1 Tort — Misrepresentation — Fraud and deceit — Whether statement of future vision constitutes actionable false representation of fact 1 Arbitration — Recourse against award — Breach of natural justice 1 Arbitration — Recourse against award — Lack of proper notice — Whether actual or deemed notice of the arbitration was provided 1 Arbitration — Recourse against award — Infra petita — Whether infra petita challenges should be rationalised as natural justice challenges — Whether a non-participating party can bring an infra petita challenge 1 Insolvency Law — Cross-border insolvency — Disclosure and examination orders — Whether disclosure and examination orders unreasonable, oppressive or unnecessary 1 Insolvency Law — Cross-border insolvency — Allegation of bad faith and material non-disclosure against foreign representatives — Whether recognition would be contrary to public policy — Art 6 UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency 1 Insolvency Law — Cross-border insolvency — Recognition of foreign insolvency proceedings — Presumption of COMI as place of registered office — Effect of presumption — Whether presumption rebutted on the balance of probabilities — Art 16(3) UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency 1 Civil Procedure — Appeals — Adducing fresh evidence on appeal — Party seeking to adduce notes taken by solicitors of hearings below to challenge trial judge’s notes of evidence — Whether further evidence relevant to appeal 1 Civil Procedure — Appeals — Judge’s notes of hearing forming official record of hearing — Party alleging error in official record of hearing — Proper procedure for raising challenge to or seeking correction of official record of hearing 1 Arbitration — Agreement — International — Enforcement of arbitration agreements 1 Conflict of laws — Choice of law — Insolvency — Recognition and enforcement of foreign insolvency proceedings — Submission to foreign insolvency proceedings 1 Insolvency Law — Cross-border insolvency — Recognition of foreign insolvency proceedings — Automatic moratorium arising on recognition as foreign main proceedings — Whether carve-out should be granted for arbitration to proceed — Article 20 UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency 1 Arbitration — Award — Recourse against award — Setting aside — Breach of the rules of natural justice — Whether award rendered infra petita 1 Arbitration — Award — Recourse against award — Setting aside — Breach of the rules of natural justice — Whether tribunal’s chain of reasoning unforeseeable — Whether parties deprived of opportunity to be heard 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Criminal review — Application for permission to make review application — Section 394H of the Criminal Procedure Code 2010 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing - Stay of Execution 1 Companies — Schemes of Arrangement 1 Insolvency Law — Avoidance of transactions — Transactions at an underval-ue 1 Trusts — Resulting trusts — Ownership of moneys in joint bank accounts 1 Evidence — Presumptions — Accurate communication of electronic record 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Criminal references — Whether there is conflict of judicial authority 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Criminal references — Whether determination of question affected outcome of the case 1 Criminal Sentencing and Procedure — Criminal review — Application for permission to make review application — Section 394H of the Criminal Procedure Code 2010 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Arbitration — Award — Recourse against award — Infra petita challenge 1 Arbitration — Award — Recourse against award — Breach of fair hearing rule of natural justice 1 Civil Procedure — Extension of time — Whether a solicitor’s mistakes may weigh against a client 1 Contempt of Court — Sentencing — Whether custodial sentence warranted 1 Insolvency Law — Winding up — Proof of debt — Expunging proof of debt 1 Insolvency Law — Administration of insolvent estates — Judicial management — Ex parte James principle 1 Insolvency Law — Administration of insolvent estates — Judicial management — Disposal of charged property — Section 100(2) Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act 2018 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Insolvency Law — Avoidance of transactions 1 Restitution — Subrogation 1 Admiralty and Shipping — Admiralty jurisdiction and arrest — Action in rem — Whether variation of a priority order can be sought by a claimant without a judgment in rem 1 Admiralty and Shipping — Admiralty jurisdiction and arrest — Action in rem — Whether a proprietary claim to the sale proceeds of an arrested vessel may be made without invoking admiralty jurisdiction 1 Civil Procedure — Delay 1 Contempt of Court — Civil contempt — Full and frank disclosure — Intention to commence proceedings against examinee — Concurrent proceedings against examinee 1 Civil Procedure — Production of documents — Attendance of person to produce document — Whether a person can be ordered to produce documents without having been summoned — Section 244(1) Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act 2018 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Civil Procedure — Production of documents — Breach of “unless orders” — Whether “unless order” for production of documents breached 1 Arbitration — Enforcement — Foreign award — Breach of “unless order” made by the applicant in proceedings to enforce foreign award 1 Tort — Misrepresentation — Fraud and deceit — Whether honest belief in representation is to be assessed by reference to representor’s or representee’s subjective understanding of the representation 1 Bills of Exchange and Other Negotiable Instruments — Letter of credit transaction — Presentation of letter of indemnity — Whether representations in letter of indemnity were false — Whether representor made representations with no honest belief in their truth — Whether documents presented to issuing bank contained representations made to the issuing bank 1 Civil Procedure — Payments into and out of court 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Sentencing — Execution — Stay of execution — Applicant seeking stay of execution to obtain fresh evidence — Whether permission to make post-appeal application in capital case should be granted — Section 60G Supreme Court of Judicature Act 1969 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Criminal Law — Offences — Obstructing the course of justice under s 204A(b) of the Penal Code (Cap 224, 2008 Rev Ed) 1 Criminal Law — Offences — Sexual offences — Sexual assault involving penetration under s 376(2)(a) of the Penal Code (Cap 224, 2008 Rev Ed) 1 Constitutional Law — Constitution — Interpretation 1 Constitutional Law — Natural Justice — Principles of natural justice 1 Constitutional Law — Fundamental Liberties — Right to life and personal liberty 1 Criminal Law — Statutory Offences — Misuse of Drugs Act — Presumptions — Sections 17 and 18 1 Insolvency Law - Administration of insolvent estates - Judicial management - Removal of judicial manager 1 Insolvency Law - Administration of insolvent estates - Judicial management - Counting of votes at creditors’ meeting to consider statement of proposals 1 Criminal Law — Defences — Diminished responsibility 1 Criminal Law — Defences — Grave and sudden provocation 1 Criminal Law — Offences — Culpable homicide not amounting to murder 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Sentencing — Whether maximum sentence of life imprisonment justified — Whether worst type of cases of culpable homicide — Section 304(a) Penal Code (Cap 224, 2008 Rev Ed) 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Sentencing — Whether maximum sentence of four years’ imprisonment justified — Whether worst type of cases of ill-treatment — Section 5 Children and Young Persons Act (Cap 38, 2001 Rev Ed) 1 Contempt of Court — Court’s powers — Whether court has power to allow a further affidavit — Applicable test for allowing a further affidavit 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Sentencing — Execution — Stay of execution 1 Arbitration — Award — Conduct of arbitration —“Documents-only” 1 Arbitration — Award — Remission 1 Tort — Misrepresentation — Measure of damages 1 Arbitration — Conduct of arbitration — UNCITRAL Model Law — Article 5 — Whether party permitted to apply to court while the arbitration is ongoing to challenge a decision of the arbitral institution 1 Arbitration — Conduct of arbitration — Rules — Arbitration Rules of the Singapore International Arbitration Centre (6th Ed, 1 August 2016) — Rules 40.1 and 40.2 — Whether tribunal or court permitted to review a decision of the arbitral institution 1 Civil Procedure — Appeals — Permission to Appeal 1 Civil Procedure — Extension of time — Notice of Appeal 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Criminal review — Application under s 394H(1) of the Criminal Procedure Code 2010 (2020 Rev Ed) for permission to make review application 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Appeal — Adducing fresh evidence — Fresh expert evidence — Whether fresh expert evidence relevant to appeal 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Appeal — Criminal motions seeking to adduce fresh evidence to aid appeal — Abuse of process — Expert shopping after decision below 1 Damages — Assessment — Loss of amenities 1 Damages — Rules in awarding — Proof of actual damage 1 Damages — Assessment — Making different awards of pain and suffering for different periods of time 1 Damages — Special damages — Whether damages may be awarded despite the absence of documentary evidence 1 Damages — Rules in awarding — Doctrine of collateral benefits — Whether medical expenses paid with MediShield are claimable 1 Damages — Rules in awarding — Ascertainment difficult or impossible — Assessing damages when Plaintiff/Claimant passes away midway through proceedings 1 TORT — Defamation —Whether statements defamatory 1 TORT—Defamation—Whether defences apply if defamatory 1 Building And Construction Law — Construction torts — Negligence Building And Construction Law — Construction torts — Torts affecting adjoining land 1 Debt and Recovery – right of set-off – contractual 1 Damages — Measure of damages — Personal injuries — Pre-trial loss of earnings — Medical leave period coincided with Covid-19 pandemic — Whether and to what extent claimant should be awarded damages for loss of earnings 1 Tort – Negligence – Breach of duty – Injury suffered when automated gate fell on claimant – Whether builder negligent in construction of automated gate –Whether duty of care arose – Whether claimant’s conduct broke chain of causation – Whether claimant contributorily negligent 1 Tort – Injury suffered when automated gate fell on claimant – Scope of architect’s duty of supervision — Duty to supervise building works to ensure they were being carried out in conformity with contractual specifications — Whether architect breached its duty of supervision — Whether architect owed duty of care to claimant in tort 1 Tort – Injury suffered when automated gate fell on claimant – No contractual relationship between architect and claimant – Whether architect owed duty of care to claimant in tort — Whether sufficient proximity between architect and claimant for a duty of care to arise — Whether policy considerations exist which militate against a duty of care imposed on architect — Whether duty in respect of construction of automated gate is confined to design intent 1 Civil Procedure — Jurisdiction — Submission 1 Civil Procedure — Striking out — Abuse of process and interest of justice 1 Courts and Jurisdiction — Jurisdiction — Ouster – Telecommunications Act 1999 and Code of Practice for Info-Communication Facilities in Buildings 1 Contract — Breach — Whether former employee breached her contractual obligation to ensure that she did not retain electronic or soft copies of materials belonging to her former employer Intellectual Property — Law of confidence — Breach of duty — Whether former employee breached her equitable duty of confidence by downloading a WhatsApp chat group used by her former employer to provide work instructions Intellectual Property — Law of confidence — Remedies — Equitable damages Personal Property — Ownership — Whether employer has legal ownership of online accounts 1 Contract – Breach – Damages 1 Unjust enrichment – Failure of Basis 1 Evidence – Admissibility of evidence – Hearsay – Business Record Exception 1 Partnership — whether the plaintiff was a partner or a nominal partner – whether a partnership agreement and/or partnership had been entered into 1 Contract — Duress 1 Contract — Oral Agreement 1 Civil Procedure — Plaintiff deliberately and persistently failing to comply with court orders — Breach of “unless orders” — Plaintiff’s failure to comply with “unless order” for general discovery of documents —Whether “unless order” for discovery of documents breached — Whether breach of “unless order” was intentional and contumelious — Whether striking out of plaintiffs’ action justified 1 Contract – Breach Contract – Contractual terms 1 Contract — Remedies — Damages — Causation and remoteness 1 Land — Strata titles — By-laws — Whether the by-laws prohibited a subsidiary proprietor from owning a Corgi Tort — Negligence — Duty of care — Whether dog owner owes a duty to take reasonable care in handling or controlling his dog — The standard of care required by a dog owner Tort — Negligence — Duty of care — Whether dog owner should prevent his dog from barking 1 Tort – Negligence – Breach of duty 1 Tort – Negligence – Contributory negligence – Passenger’s duty to fasten seatbelt whilst on board a vehicle 1 Summary Judgment – Conditional leave to defend 1 Civil Procedure — Solicitor and client costs — Taxation — Review of taxation 1 Tort — Defamation — Whether statements defamatory in ordinary and natural meaning 1 Tort — Defamation — Justification — Whether sting of charge was substantially true 1 Tort — Defamation — Qualified Privilege — Whether statements made on occasion of qualified privilege — Whether qualified privilege defeated by malice 1 Tort — Negligence — Breach of Duty 1 Remedies — Recission 1 Remedies — Specific Performance 1 Contract — Formation — Oral contracts 1 Contract — Misrepresentation — Misrepresentation Act (Cap 390) 1 Contract — Misrepresentation — Negligent — Duty to adequately plead elements of negligent misrepresentation 1 Contract — Misrepresentation — Fraudulent — Whether Statements of future intentions can amount to representations of fact 1 Tort — Motor Accidents 1 Damages — Assessment — Causation — weight to be accorded to expert opinion from an accident investigator on the causation of personal injuries 1 (Custody care and control of children, access; Maintenance for children; Valuation of company; Division of matrimonial assets) 1 (Family violence – PPO - Necessity) 1 Family Law - Service - Substituted Service - Setting Aside 1 Family Law – Breach of Court Order – Committal 1 Family Law — Divorce 1 Conflict of Laws – Natural forum – Whether divorce proceedings in Singapore ought to be stayed based on forum non conveniens Domicile – Accommodation – Relevance to determination of domicile – Whether failure to own immoveable assets in Singapore negates intention to settle in this country Habitual residence – Whether mere possibility of cessation of employment negates habitual residence Family Law – Divorce – Stay of proceedings – Divorce proceedings in Singapore and France – Parties and their children are French citizens and have resided in Singapore for 10 years – Wife is working in Singapore and the children are studying in the French International School – Husband recently returned to France permanently – French courts obliged to apply Singapore law if they were to adjudicate on divorce and ancillary matters – Whether France is more appropriate forum to determine these matters – Whether divorce proceeding in Singapore should be stayed 1 Family Law 1 Family Law – Ancillary Matters – Division of Matrimonial Assets – Maintenance for ex-spouse/children 1 Family Law – Judicial Separation 1 Family Law - Judge-led approach - Exercise of discretion in judicial case management 1 Family Law – Mental Capacity Act – Revocation of Lasting Power of Attorney 1 Family Law - Maintenance – Wife 1 Family Law - Maintenance – Children 1 Family Law - Matrimonial assets – Division 1 Family Law - Custody – Care and control – Access 1 Family Law – Relocation – Child – Whether permission should be granted for a 12-year-old child to be relocated to the United Kingdom to attend a boarding school while both parents continue to reside in Singapore – Framework for assessing relocation applications 1 Deputies 1 Mental Capacity 1 Best Interest of P 1 Appointment of Deputies 1 Mental Capacity Act 2008 1 Selection of persons for appointment as Deputies 1 Family Law – custody – access, care and control Family Law – maintenance – child Family Law – matrimonial assets – division Mental Capacity Act – whether litigant has the mental capacity to conduct proceedings 1 Family Law – Mental Capacity Act – Statutory Wills 1 Family law 1 Access to child 1 Therapeutic justice 1 Shared care and control 1 Guardianship of Infants Act 1 Custody care and control of child 1 (Personal protection orders – section 58B Women’s Charter – emotional and psychological abuse) 1 Family law — Care and control 1 Family law — Maintenance — Children 1 Family Law – Custody, care and control of child - Variation of consent order 1 Family Law - Maintenance - Child Family Law - Maintenance - Wife 1 Family Law — Custody — Care and control — Access 1 Family Law — Custody — Variation — Material change in circumstances 1 Family Law — Maintenance for Child — Variation — Material change in circumstances 1 Family Law – Matrimonial assets – Division – Bank accounts in joint names with third party – Wife contending that funds in bank accounts in joint names of the Husband and his mother were matrimonial assets – Husband’s mother claiming that the funds belonged to her entirely – Husband’s mother deciding against applying for a stay of the ancillary matters proceedings or for a declaration of her interests in the bank accounts – Whether court can determine if the funds belong to the Husband’s mother entirely Family Law – Matrimonial assets – Division – Bank accounts in joint names with third party – Wife contending that funds in bank accounts in joint names of the Husband and his mother were matrimonial assets – Burden of proof 1 Family Law – Matrimonial assets – Division – Whether property is considered to have been “acquired” before marriage if it was purchased and partially paid for before marriage while the balance of the purchase price was paid for during marriage via the property’s rental income – Applicable considerations – Section 112(10)(a)(i) of the Women’s Charter 1961 Family Law – Matrimonial assets – Division – Whether property which had been occupied for a total of about 16 months (in two periods) during an 8½ year marriage is considered to have been “ordinarily used ... by both parties ... while the parties are residing together for shelter” – Applicable considerations – Section 112(10)(a)(i) of the Women’s Charter 1961 Family Law – Care and control – Child – Whether there should be an order of shared care and control on the facts Family Law – Maintenance – Child – Child placed under shared care and control of his parents – Applicable considerations Family Law – Maintenance – Former wife – Applicable considerations – Difference with maintenance for wife – Sections 69(1) and 114(2) of the Women’s Charter 1961 Family Law – Maintenance – Former wife – Appropriate multiplier and multiplicand to compute maintenance for former wife in an 8½ year marriage who is gainfully employed and has one child 1 Family Procedure – Reference to pre-trial discussions in a party’s written submissions for hearing on ancillary matters – Whether reference is proper Family Law – Maintenance – Former wife – Wife unemployed for five years – Applicable considerations – Considerations for determining duration of spousal maintenance – Section 114(2) of the Women’s Charter 1961 Family Law – Maintenance – Child – Section 69 of the Women’s Charter 1961 1 Evidence – Adverse Inference 1 Family Law – Matrimonial Assets – Division 1 Family Law – Jurisdiction – Compliance with orders 1 Family Law – Division of matrimonial assets –Variation of consent order 1 Companies — Receiver and manager – Accounts 1 Companies — Receiver and manager – Duties to chargor 1 Civil Procedure — Costs — Assessment – s 120 of the Legal Profession Act 1966 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Conflict of Laws ? Restraint of foreign proceedings ? Breach of legal or equitable right not to be sued ? Breach of multi-tiered dispute-resolution clause by way of foreign Vandepitte proceeding 1 Civil Procedure — Service — Service of originating process — Defendant filing a notice of appointment of solicitor — Whether defendant’s solicitors have instructions to accept service 1 Employment Law — Unfair Dismissal 1 Administrative Law — Natural justice — Allegations of breach of natural justice 1 Courts and Jurisdiction — Jurisdiction — Appellate — Whether the Appel-late Division of the High Court has the jurisdiction to set aside an order of the General Division of the High Court 1 Contract — Formation — Subsequent conduct 1 Contract — Formation — Whether the commercial plausibility of a contract may be considered 1 Equity — Defences — Delay 1 Tort — Inducement of breach of contract — Causation of loss 1 Confidence — Breach of confidence — Wrongful loss and wrongful gain interests — Whether proof that information was not used is sufficient to defeat wrongful loss claim 1 Banking — Performance bonds — Restraining beneficiary from calling on standby letter of credit on ground of unconscionability 1 Banking — Performance bonds — Restraining beneficiary from calling on standby letter of credit on ground of discrepancies in documents tendered 1 Family law — Matrimonial assets — Division — Dual-income or single-income marriage 1 Revenue Law — Income taxation — Appeals — Whether expenditure eligible for capital allowance — Whether asset considered “plant” or structure 1 Family Law — Guardianship — Welfare of child 1 Unincorporated Associations and Trade Unions — Friendly societies — Meetings — Power of chairman to adjourn meeting 1 Unincorporated Associations and Trade Unions — Friendly societies — Meetings — Power of chairman to reconvene adjourned meeting 1 Family Law — Matrimonial assets — Division — Consideration of rent-free occupation of matrimonial home — Section 112(2)(f) Women’s Charter 1961 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Family Law — Maintenance — Wife — Application of rationale of financial preservation to award of final spousal maintenance — Section 113(1)(b) Women’s Charter 1961 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Family Law — Maintenance — Child — Application of issue estoppel doctrine where prior interim maintenance summons was rejected — Section 127(2) Women’s Charter 1961 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Civil Procedure — Appeals — Leave — Whether permission to appeal required 1 Civil Procedure — Judgments and orders — Enforcement — Whether stay of enforcement amounts to stay of proceedings 1 Civil Procedure — Jurisdiction — Paragraph 3(l) Fifth Schedule Supreme Court of Judicature Act 1969 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Injunctions — Erinford Injunction 1 Building and Construction Law — Performance Bond 1 Damages — Measure of damages — Contract — Cost of cure 1 Building and Construction Law — Contractors’ duties — Extension of time and liquidated damages 1 Banking — Appropriation of payments 1 Companies — Directors — Duties — Duty of skill, care and diligence 1 Companies — Directors — Duties — Duty to take into account interests of creditors 1 Trusts — Express trusts — Constitution 1 Contract — Formation — Capacity of parties 1 Limitation of Actions — Particular causes of action 1 Contract — Misrepresentation — Damages 1 Companies — Oppression — Minority Shareholders — Valuation of shares 1 Family Law — Matrimonial assets — Gift 1 Family Law — Marriage — Nullity 1 Courts and Jurisdiction — Judges — Recusal 1 Family Law - Maintenance - Wife 1 Mental Disorders and Treatment — Management of patients’ property and affairs 1 Family Law - Custody - Access 1 Family Law — Ancillary powers of court 1 Family Law — Matrimonial assets — Gifts 1 Succession and Wills - Testamentary capacity 1 Family Law — Matrimonial assets — Valuation of shares of private company 1 Family Law — Matrimonial assets — Pool of matrimonial assets —Whether caregiving efforts can constitute substantial improvement of pre-marriage assets 1 Civil Procedure — Costs — Instalment order 1 Family Law — Ancillary matters — Variation 1 Family Law — Custody — Care and control — Whether the court may grant no order as to care and control where there is an order on joint custody 1 Family Law — Child — Maintenance of Child 1 Family Procedure — Extension of time — Application for a further extension of time to file a notice of appeal 1 Family Law — Maintenance — Interim maintenance 1 Probate and Administration — Administration of assets 1 Family Law — Youth Court — Care and protection orders 1 Family Law — Appeal — Adducing fresh evidence 1 Family Law — Custody — No order made 1 Civil Procedure— Appeals — Adducing fresh evidence 1 Family Law — Divorce — Ancillary matters — Spousal maintenance 1 Family Law — Divorce — Ancillary matters — Division of matrimonial assets 1 Conflict of Laws — Anti-suit injunction 1 Family Law — Matrimonial proceedings — Ancillary Matters 1 Probate And Administration — Administration of assets 1 Mental Capacity — Capacity to execute a Lasting Power of Attorney — Form 1 1 Civil Procedure — Appeals — Filing appeal within prescribed time 1 Family Law — Custody — Care and control — Shared care and control arrangement — Handover time 1 Civil Procedure — Costs — Costs in matrimonial proceedings 1 Contract — Assignment — Consent — Estoppel 1 Evidence — Admissibility of evidence — Hearsay — Exceptions 1 Insurance — General principles — Condition precedent — Non-disclosure — Risk 1 Arbitration — Award — Recourse against award 1 Arbitration — Stay of court proceedings — Mandatory stay under International Arbitration Act — Settlement deed containing arbitration agreement 1 Civil Procedure — Foreign law — Foreign law to be determined by submissions — Order 16 rule 8 of Singapore International Commercial Court Rules 2021 1 Arbitration — Stay of court proceedings — Lifting of stay — Variation of conditions 1 Arbitration — Conflict of laws — Seat of the arbitration 1 Conflict of laws — Restraint of foreign proceedings — Breach of legal or equitable right not to be sued 1 International Law — Sovereign immunity — Sections 3, 11, 15 and 16 State Immunity Act 1979 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Damages — Measure of damages — Tort — Reliance measure of damages for tort of fraud and deceit 1 Contract — Offer — Indefinite number of people — Unilateral contractual offer addressed to world at large 1 Contract — Contractual terms — Warranties — Whether clause disclaiming warranties was validly incorporated into contractual bargain 1 Tort — Misrepresentation — Inducement — Whether representation was a cause materially inducing representee into transacting in reliance 1 Damages — Mitigation — Tort — Application of rule that representee must reasonably mitigate damage flowing from fraudulent misrepresentation 1 Tort — Misrepresentation — Fraud and deceit — Whether representation properly construed constitutes actionable false representation of present fact 1 International Law — Sovereign immunity — Sections 3(1) and 11(1) State Immunity Act 1979 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Civil Procedure — Originating processes — Extension of validity of originating application 1 Civil Procedure — Costs — Principles — Defendant successfully obtained stay of proceedings in favour of arbitration despite having no intention to commence arbitration — Whether defendant is entitled to costs 1 Arbitration — Injunction — Court’s powers under section 12A of the International Arbitration Act 1994 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Arbitration — Award — Recourse against award — Setting aside — Public policy 1 Civil Procedure — Separate hearings for separate questions or issues — Preliminary questions based on assumptions rather than admitted facts — Order 16 r 11 Singapore International Commercial Court Rules 2021 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Arbitration — Award — Setting aside — Orders 21 rules 3, 20 and 21 of the SICC Rules — Whether decision was one made on the trial or the hearing on the merits of the proceedings or one made in an application in proceedings 1 Civil Procedure — Mareva injunctions — Claimant making ex parte application for worldwide Mareva injunction in support of New York-seated arbitration –– Whether appropriate to grant worldwide Mareva injunction – Section 12A International Arbitration Act 1994 1 Civil Procedure — Costs — Scales 1 Arbitration — Award — Recourse against award — Setting aside — Investor state arbitration — Arbitration agreement — Whether claims fell within the scope of submission to arbitration — Articles 34(2)(a)(i) and 34(2)(a)(iii) UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration 1 Arbitration — Award — Recourse against award — Setting aside — Breach of natural justice — Arbitral tribunal declining to admit additional evidence after hearing — Whether respondent in arbitration deprived of opportunity to present its case — Section 24(b) International Arbitration Act 1994 — Article 34(2)(a)(ii) UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration 1 Arbitration — Award — Recourse against award — Setting aside — Jurisdiction — Host state’s government officials found to have acted in violation of free trade agreement — Host state objecting that acts were not “measures adopted or maintained” by host state “relating to” claimant in arbitration — Host state objecting that claimant in arbitration was not “investor” and lacked standing — Whether host state’s objections jurisdictional in nature — Articles 34(2)(a)(i) and 34(2)(a)(iii) UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration 1 Arbitration — Award — Recourse against award — Setting aside — Arbitral tribunal ruling on certain jurisdictional objections in initial decision and other jurisdictional objections in final award — Respondent in arbitration appealing against tribunal’s rulings on jurisdiction only in setting-aside application — Whether defendant in arbitration precluded from raising jurisdictional objection addressed in initial decision — Section 10(3) International Arbitration Act 1994 — Article 16(3) UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration 1 Courts and Jurisdiction — Transfer of cases 1 Insolvency Law – Bankruptcy – Statutory demand – Arbitration agreement 1 Insolvency Law — Bankruptcy — Adjournment 1 Insolvency Law — Bankruptcy — Stay of proceedings 1 Civil Procedure – Pleadings - Striking Out 1 Employment Law – Contract of service – Breach – Loss of Chance 1 Employment Law – Contract of service – Breach - Implied term of mutual trust and confidence 1 Civil Procedure — Unless orders 1 Civil Procedure — Discovery of documents — Redaction 1 Abuse of Process — Riddick principle — Cogency of the evidence 1 Intellectual Property — Trade marks and trade names — Passing off — Remedies — Account of profits 1 Civil Procedure — Judgments and orders — Enforcement — Examination of judgment debtor 1 Insolvency Law — Bankruptcy — Bankruptcy order — Power to review, rescind or vary orders — Section 7 of the Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act 2018 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Civil Procedure — Costs — Assessment 1 Probate and Administration — Grant of letters of administration 1 Civil Procedure — Disclosure of documents — Disclosure of information — — Sufficiency of answer 1 Civil Procedure — Interrogatories — Disclosure of information — Whether principles on interrogatories relevant to O 11 r 11 Rules of Court 2021 1 Civil Procedure – Summary Judgment 1 Civil Procedure – Pleadings – Amendment 1 Contract – Formation – Capacity of parties - Admissibility of extrinsic evidence 1 Civil Procedure — Stay of proceedings — Counterclaim 1 Civil Procedure – Third party proceedings – Whether orders made on a summons for third party directions should be varied 1 Civil Procedure — Service — Setting Aside 1 Civil Procedure — Service — Substituted service out of jurisdiction 1 Civil Procedure — Service — Personal service on foreign company through Singapore-based officer 1 Civil Procedure — Interim payments 1 Civil Procedure — Judgments and orders — Non-compliance — Unless orders 1 Civil Procedure — Joinder of parties 1 Civil Procedure — Judgments and orders — Enforcement and execution 1 Conflict of Laws — Lis alibi pendens — Doctrine of forum election — Stay 1 Civil Procedure — Lis alibi pendens — Powers — Lifting of case management stay 1 Civil Procedure – Costs – Security – O 9 r 12(1)(a) of the Rules of Court 2021 1 Equity — Defences — Equitable set-off 1 Civil Procedure — Judgments and orders — Enforcement – Proceedings stayed via Tomlin order 1 Admiralty and Shipping — Practice and procedure of action in rem — Warrant of arrest — Wrongful continuation of arrest and wrongful detention 1 Civil Procedure — Judgments and orders — Consent Orders — Whether contractual or uncontested — Whether residual discretion not to enforce consent order exists — Whether consent orders vitiated by common mistake or mutual mistake 1 Civil Procedure — Striking out — Whether applications to be struck out because of doctrine of res judicata — Whether applications duplicate proceedings in arbitration — Whether applications brought after prolonged and inexcusable delay 1 Civil Procedure — Privileges — Legal professional privilege 1 Civil Procedure — Costs — Artificial intelligence — Fictitious authority 1 Legal Profession — Professional conduct — Artificial intelligence — Fictitious authority 1 Civil Procedure — Stay of proceedings — Forum non conveniens 1 Intellectual Property — Trade marks and trade names — Remedies — Damages — Account of profits 1 Conflict of Laws — Foreign judgments — Defences — Breach of natural justice — Whether notice of proceedings was given — Whether service was properly effected 1 Civil Procedure — Conferences (pre-trial) — Order 9 r 4 of the Rules of Court 2021 1 Limitation of actions — Declarations — Whether claim involves a cause of action 1 Limitation of actions — Particular causes of action — Contract — When cause of action accrued 1 Limitation of actions — Particular causes of action — Contract — Whether claim is founded on a contract 1 Civil Procedure — Pleadings — Striking out — Whether abuse of process for defendant to commence fresh claim 1 Civil Procedure — Pleadings — Striking out — Whether defendant may commence fresh claim instead of making counterclaim 1 Restitution — Unjust enrichment — Whether claim disclosed reasonable cause of action — Whether claim factually unsustainable — Whether payment made pursuant to valid contract – Whether claimant taking inconsistent positions 1 Insolvency Law — Bankruptcy — Bankruptcy order 1 Civil Procedure – Pleadings – Amendment – O 9 r 14 of the Rules of Court 2021 1 Civil Procedure — Delay — Whether to grant an extension of time to file application for determination of a question of law 1 Insolvency Law — Bankruptcy — Trustee in bankruptcy — Perceived lack of independence 1 Arbitration — Stay of court proceedings — Mandatory stay under International Arbitration Act 1 Civil Procedure — Consent judgments 1 Land — Interest in land — Liability of trustee to account 1 Civil Procedure — Rules of court — Non-compliance — Whether unless order should be made 1 Civil Procedure — Production of documents — Breach of production obligations — Whether unless order should be made 1 Civil Procedure — Extension of time — Extension of time to file an appeal under O 20 r 3 of the Rules of Court 2021 1 Land — Strata Titles — Strata Titles Board — Whether grounds of appeal against order made by Strata Titles Board raised points of law 1 Criminal Law — Offences — Corruption 1 Insolvency Law — Administration of insolvent estates — Distribution of cryptocurrencies in liquidation 1 Insolvency Law — Administration of insolvent estates — Disposal of assets — Whether outstanding cryptocurrencies should vest with the Official Receiver 1 Equity — Defences— Laches 1 Equity — Defences— Acquiescence 1 Equity — Defences— Estoppel 1 Restitution — Ministerial receipt 1 Equity — Fiduciary relationships— Duties 1 Trusts — Accessory liability— Knowing receipt 1 Trusts — Accessory liability— Dishonest assistance 1 Damages — Mitigation — Contract 1 Damages — Measure of damages — Contract 1 Limitation of Actions — Particular causes of action — Account 1 Limitation of Actions — When time begins to run — Section 24A(3)(b) of the Limitation Act 1959 1 Contract — Misrepresentation Act — Whether damages in lieu of rescission can be claimed if rescission is time-barred — Section 2(2) of the Misrepresentation Act 1967 1 Limitation of Actions — Particular causes of action — Contract — Whether actions under Section 2 of the Misrepresentation Act 1967 founded on contract — Section 6(1)(a) of the Limitation Act 1959 1 Limitation of Actions — Particular causes of action — Whether actions under Section 2 of the Misrepresentation Act 1967 are actions for relief from the consequences of a mistake — Section 29(1)(c) of the Limitation Act 1959 1 Limitation of Actions — Particular causes of action — Whether actions under Section 2 of the Misrepresentation Act 1967 are actions for breach of duty where the duty exists by virtue of a provision made by or under any written law — Section 24A(1) of the Limitation Act 1959 1 Companies — Account 1 Probate and Administration — Intestate succession 1 Family Law — Void marriage — Whether marriage entered before 1 October 2016 can be void for being a marriage of convenience 1 Civil Procedure — Rules of court — Non-compliance 1 Building and Construction Law — Building and construction related contracts — Guarantees and bonds 1 Insolvency Law — Bankruptcy — Individual applying for extension of interim order — Whether extension should be granted — Sections 276(4), 280(4) and 280(5) Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act 2018 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Insolvency Law — Administration of insolvent estates 1 Trusts — Express trusts — Certainties — Certainty of intention 1 Trusts — Resulting trusts — Lack of donative intention 1 Trusts — Resulting trusts — Illegality of 99:1 property arrangement 1 Trusts — Resulting trusts — No prior agreement on liability for mortgage loan 1 Civil Procedure — Selection of specimen signatures for submission to handwriting expert — Manner of verifying authenticity of authorship of specimen signatures 1 Companies — Schemes of arrangement — Leave to convene creditors’ meeting — Section 210(1) Companies Act 1967 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Insolvency Law — Bankruptcy — Official Assignee’s certificate reducing the monthly contribution and target contribution under s 86D of the Bankruptcy Act — Whether Official Assignee can issue a new certificate in replacement of an earlier certificate — Whether certificate should be varied under s 86E of the Bankruptcy Act — Standard of review 1 Civil Procedure — Costs — Whether plaintiff only entitled to costs based on the Magistrate’s Court scale 1 Civil Procedure — Costs — Whether costs unreasonably incurred by plaintiff commencing and prosecuting action in the General Division of the High Court 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Bail 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Criminal motions 1 Civil Procedure — Disclosure of documents — Sealing order 1 Legal Profession — Professional privileges — Section 128(1) of the Evidence Act 1893 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Equity — Remedies — Appointment of receiver — Section 4(10) of the Civil Law Act 1909 (2020 Rev Ed) — Section 18(2) and paragraphs 5(a) and 5(c) of the First Schedule to the Supreme Court of Judicature Act 1969 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Administrative Law — Natural justice 1 Administrative Law — Judicial review — Principles relating to review of decisions of religious associations 1 Insolvency Law — Judicial management — Section 99(5) Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act 2018 (2020 Rev Ed) — Whether court direction amounting to sanction should be issued 1 Criminal Law — Statutory Offences — Animals and Birds Act 1 Criminal Law — Offences — Section 204A Penal Code (Cap 224, 2008 Rev Ed) 1 Criminal Law — Offences — Section 6(a) Prevention of Corruption Act (Cap 241, 1993 Rev Ed) 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Sentencing — Sentencing framework — Drink driving causing personal injury and/or property damage — Road Traffic Act — Sections 67(1) and 67(2)(a) 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Sentencing — Sentencing Advisory Panel’s Guidelines on Reduction in Sentences for Guilty Pleas — Application to specific offences under Road Traffic Act 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Sentencing — Sentencing framework — Dangerous driving causing death by a serious offender — Road Traffic Act — Sections 64(1), 64(2)(a), 64(2)(c) and 64(2D)(b) 1 Civil Procedure — Rules of court — Leave to file application other than in single application pending trial — O 9 rr 9(8) and 9(9) of the Rules of Court 2021 1 Arbitration — Challenge against arbitrator — Apparent bias 1 Tort — Misrepresentation — Fraud and deceit —Whether representation originated from defendant — Whether representation can be transmitted through third party 1 Criminal Law — Offences — Sexual assault by penetration 1 Criminal Law — Offences — Obstructing the course of justice 1 Criminal Law — Offences — Possession of an intimate image 1 Contract — Contractual terms — Implied Terms 1 Contract — Contractual terms — Implied terms — Braganza duty 1 Contract — Contractual terms — Implied terms — Restraints on the exercise of a contractual discretion 1 Contract — Contractual terms — Implied terms — Mortgagee’s duty to not interfere with contractual performance by mortgagor 1 Contract — Contractual terms — Contractual discretion — Whether clause requiring mortgagee bank’s approval of charterparty subject to a contractual discretion 1 Contract — Contractual terms — Contractual discretion — Whether mortgagee bank in breach of duty in refusing to issue any letter of quiet enjoyment in favour of charterer 1 Contract — Contractual terms — Contractual discretion — Whether mortgagee bank exercised discretion reasonably in refusing to issue letter of quiet enjoyment in favour of charterer 1 Evidence — Witnesses — Privilege 1 Companies — Directors — Dividends 1 Damages — Joint and several liability 1 Civil Procedure — Affidavits — Affidavit of evidence-in-chief 1 Insolvency Law — Avoidance of transactions — Unfair preference 1 Insolvency Law — Avoidance of transactions — Transactions defrauding creditors 1 Land — Interest in land — Tenancy in common 1 Conflict of Laws — Jurisdiction — Forum non conveniens 1 Civil Procedure – Extension of time – s 45(4) Medical Registrations Act 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Taking additional evidence 1 Civil Procedure — Trial — Preliminary issues 1 Contract — Contractual terms — Whether defendant’s standard terms and conditions were incorporated into the contract by virtue of prior course of dealing with claimant 1 Contract — Contractual terms — Whether repair works carried out by the defendant were within the contracted scope of works and done with the claimant’s knowledge and authorisation 1 Contract — Terms — Liquidated damages clause 1 Contract — Contractual terms — Scope of contractual duties of subcontractor 1 Building and Construction Law — Statutes and regulations — Building and Construction Industry Security of Payment Act 2004 — Waiver by election for inconsistent rights 1 Civil Procedure — Mareva injunctions — Appointment of receiver 1 Civil Procedure — Injunctions — Setting aside of worldwide freezing order and prohibitory injunction 1 Injunctions — Mareva injunction — Court’s powers under section 12A of the International Arbitration Act 1994 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Legal Profession — Admission — Anonymisation of grounds of decision 1 Evidence — Proof of evidence — Standard of proof 1 Evidence — Witnesses — Examination 1 Evidence — Principles — Functions of judge 1 Criminal Law — Statutory offences — Protection from Harassment Act 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Trials — Taking and recording of evidence in 1 Legal Profession — Disciplinary proceedings — Section 97 of the Legal Profession Act 1966 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Legal Profession — Professional conduct — Communications with witnesses represented by other counsel — Rules 7(3) and 8(3) of the Legal Profession (Professional Conduct) Rules 2015 1 Companies — Winding up — Substantial and bona fide dispute 1 Employment Law — Employees’ duties — Duty of good faith and fidelity and duty to act in the interests of the company 1 Damages — Rules in awarding — Proof of actual damage — Whether settlement agreement against joint tortfeasor has already compensated plaintiff for loss 1 Contract — Misrepresentation — Action for rescission 1 Contract— Contractual terms — Implied terms in fact 1 Banking — Credit and security — Scope of duty of bank when exercising its right to liquidate collaterals 1 Contract — Breach — Whether party could rely on ground for termination which existed at time of termination but which was not relied on by that party at time of termination of contract 1 Statutory Interpretation ? Penal statute ? Presumption of mens rea ? Whether presumption of mens rea approach should be departed from 1 Criminal Law ? Statutory offences ? Enlistment Act ? Whether offence of pre-enlistee overstaying exit permit is strict liability offence 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing ? Appeal ? Appeal against conviction and sentence ? Section 33(b) Enlistment Act (Cap 93, 2001 Rev Ed) 1 Statutory Interpretation ? Construction of statute ? Presumption against retrospective operation ? Whether statutory defence of reasonable care intended to apply retroactively 1 Trusts — Express trusts — Certainties 1 Trusts — Constructive trusts — Institutional constructive trust 1 Tort — Conspiracy — Lawful means conspiracy — Predominant purpose to cause injury or damage 1 Equity — Fiduciary relationships — Accessory liability — Dishonest assistance — Requisite mental state 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Charge — Amalgamated charges 1 Contract — Discharge — Repudiatory breach 1 Civil Procedure — Jurisdiction — State courts 1 Contract - Illegality and public policy 1 Damages — Measure of damages — Personal injuries cases — Pre-trial loss of earnings 1 Statutory Interpretation — Personal Data Protection Act 2012 — Consent and deemed consent 1 Statutory Interpretation — Personal Data Protection Act 2012 — Statutory tort under s 48O 1 Insolvency Law — Winding up — Sub-fund — Standing — Creditor 1 Insolvency Law — Winding up — Sub-fund — Standing — Contributory 1 Insolvency Law — Winding up — Sub-fund — Grounds for petition — Actual insolvency 1 Insolvency Law — Winding up — Sub-fund — Standing — Contingent or prospective creditor 1 Insolvency Law — Winding up — Sub-fund — Grounds for petition — Just and equitable jurisdiction 1 Companies — Statutory derivative action — Whether complainant was acting in good faith — Delay 1 Companies — Statutory derivative action — Whether complainant was acting in good faith — Utmost candour and honesty 1 Companies — Statutory derivative action — Section 216A of the Companies Act 1967 (2020 Rev Ed) — Whether complainant was acting in good faith 1 Agency — Evidence of agency — When general evidence of control is insufficient 1 Evidence — Adverse inferences — Whether adverse inferences appropriate without order for discovery 1 Administrative Law — Judicial review — Application for leave to apply for judicial review to quash the Coroner’s findings 1 Criminal Law — Statutory Offences — Workplace Safety and Health Act 2006 1 Criminal Law — Offences — Offences relating to race 1 Arbitration — Enforcement — Singapore award — Whether injunction should be granted restraining enforcement of award worldwide pending Singapore proceedings 1 Courts and Jurisdiction — Jurisdiction — Original 1 Unincorporated Associations and Trade Unions — Mutual benefit organisations — Meetings 1 Unincorporated Associations and Trade Unions — Mutual benefit organisations — Membership 1 Unincorporated Associations and Trade Unions — Mutual benefit organisations — Disputes 1 Civil Procedure — Judgments and orders — Stay of enforcement — Conditions to be imposed 1 Conflict of Laws — Foreign judgments — Enforcement — Stay of enforcement pending application to set aside foreign judgment in court of origin 1 Land — Easements — Rights of way — Section 99 of the Land Titles Act 1993 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Evidence — Admissibility of evidence — Secondary evidence when the original subdivision plan has been lost 1 Gifts - Incomplete 1 Contract - Formation 1 Trusts - Resulting trusts 1 Personal Property - Ownership - Absolute 1 Personal Property - Ownership - Beneficial 1 Contract - Intention to create legal relations 1 Companies — Shares — Allotment 1 Companies — Directors — Meetings — Quorum 1 Companies — Capacity — Indoor Management Rule 1 Companies — Members — Rights — Proper plaintiff rule 1 Contract — Contractual terms — Common law rectification 1 Companies — Memorandum and articles of association — Effect 1 Constitutional Law — Equal protection of the law — Whether s 106A of the Criminal Procedure Code (Cap 68, 2012 Rev Ed) infringed Article 12 of the Constitution 1 Constitutional Law — Fundamental liberties — Right to life and personal liberty — Whether s 106A of the Criminal Procedure Code Cap (Cap 68, 2012 Rev Ed) infringed Article 9 of the Constitution 1 Insolvency Law — Winding up — Liquidator — Whether nominated liquidator should be appointed 1 Equity — Remedies — Account — Liability of trustee to account —Appropriate date at which profits of errant fiduciary should be assessed 1 Trusts — Trustees — Whether trustee should be indemnified for unauthorised expenses that benefited trust estate and incurred in good faith 1 Criminal Law — General exceptions — Intoxication 1 Injunction — Anti-suit injunction 1 Arbitration — Arbitration agreement — Effect of jurisdiction agreement 1 Criminal Law — Statutory offences — Residential Property Act (Cap 274, 1985 Rev Ed) 1 Criminal Law — Statutory offences — Penal Code (Cap 224, 2008 Rev Ed) — Provision of false evidence in judicial proceedings 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Appeal — Appeal against sentence 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Sentencing — Principles — Application of principle of parity 1 Contract — Mistake — Mistake of fact — Whether mistake attributable to fault of a party 1 Evidence — Witnesses — Competency — How witness with speech impediments may give evidence 1 Contract — Contractual terms — Implied terms — Whether implied term for adjusting sum payable exists 1 Restitution — Mistake — Mistake of fact — Whether mistaken payment or mistake in formation of contract 1 Contract — Privity of contract — Whether joint venture company also party to agreement between principals 1 Contract — Contractual terms — Interpretation — Whether parties agreed on fixed sum or formula for payment 1 Companies — Statutory derivative action 1 Limitation of Actions — Breach of fiduciary duty 1 Civil Procedure — Judgments and orders — Setting aside regular default judgment 1 Civil Procedure — Discovery 1 Civil Procedure — Interest — Pre-judgment interest 1 Damages — Assessment — Costs for unravelling a conspiracy 1 Civil Procedure — Costs — Certificate for costs for more than two solicitors 1 Equity — Remedies — Account — Account on wilful default basis 1 Civil Procedure — Striking out — Interest of justice 1 Civil Procedure — Striking out — No reasonable cause of action 1 Trusts — Express trusts — Certainties — Whether a letter of indemnity sufficiently identifies the subject matter of the purported trust 1 Trusts — Express trusts — Certainties — Whether a letter of indemnity sufficiently evinces a putative settlor’s intention to create a trust 1 Trusts — Resulting trusts — Sole financial responsibility for 25 of the properties fell on the mother — Whether there was a resulting trust in the mother’s favour 1 Trusts — Constructive trusts — Common intention constructive trusts — Daughter alleged that her mother made an oral representation over 20 years ago that they would purchase properties together as equal owners in the future, while the mother alleged that she had always told the daughter that she was only borrowing the daughter’s name for the properties — Whether there was a common intention for either party to hold their various legal interests in the 26 properties on trust for the other 1 Insolvency Law — Winding up — Winding-up order — Stay pending appeal 1 Insolvency Law — Winding up — Winding-up order — Discretion to order winding up 1 Trust — Express trusts — Breach — Remedies 1 Equity — Dishonest assistance — Breach — Remedies 1 Agency — Evidence of agency — Duties of agent — Breach — Remedies 1 Land — Caveats — Declaration of validity 1 Landlord and Tenant — Recovery of possession — Reinstatement works 1 Land — Sale of land — Contract — Whether further payments were consideration for option or advance payments 1 Civil Procedure — Privileges — Privilege against self-incrimination 1 Contempt of Court — Civil contempt — Whether production of documents may be sought in committal proceedings 1 Trusts — Property — Application for power of sale of trust property 1 Criminal Law — Statutory offences — Securities and Futures Act — Act likely to operate as a fraud 1 Civil Procedure — Citation of fictitious authority 1 Tort — Defamation — Malice 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Sentencing — Principles — Section 408 Penal Code (Cap 224, 2008 Rev Ed) 1 Contract — Contractual terms — Implied term of good faith, mutual trust, confidence and goodwill 1 Civil Procedure — Originating processes — Applicant bringing originating application with unsatisfactory evidence — Whether originating application should be converted into originating claim 1 Trusts — Constructive trusts — Common intention constructive trusts — Executor claiming common intention constructive trust over property —Whether there is sufficient evidence of common intention 1 Land — Interest in land — Joint tenancy — Joint tenant attempting to statutorily sever joint tenancy — Whether statutory severance was properly effected — Sections 53(5) and 53(6) of the Land Titles Act 1993 1 Trusts — Resulting trusts — Presumed resulting trusts — Executor claiming presumed resulting trust over property — Whether there is sufficient evidence of financial contributions to purchase price of property 1 Words and Phrases — Carrying on a business 1 Criminal Law — Statutory offences — Payment Services Act 2019 1 Civil Procedure — Appeals — Re-trial 1 Contract — Breach — Joint and several liability 1 Landlord and Tenant — Recovery of possession — Holding over 1 Contract — Illegality and public policy — Statutory illegality 1 Insolvency Law — Cross-border insolvency — Recognition of foreign insolvency proceedings — Foreign representative seeking recognition of foreign insolvency proceedings — Whether foreign insolvency proceedings should be recognised — Third Schedule of the Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act 2018 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Extradition — Bail 1 Insolvency Law — Winding up — Proof of debt — Liquidators rejecting proof of debt — Whether liquidators’ decision should be reversed 1 Landlord and Tenant — Creation of tenancy — Existence and nature of lease — Whether concept of repudiation and acceptance apply to leases — Whether lease was terminated 1 Damages — Measure of damages — Tort 1 Building and Construction Law — Building and construction contracts — Management contracts 1 Legal Profession — Show cause action — Section 98(1)(a)(i) Legal Profession Act 1 Equity — Estoppel 1 Constitutional Law — Judicial review — Exhaustion of remedies 1 Constitutional Law — Judicial review — Whether the Official Assignee’s actions are susceptible to judicial review 1 Insolvency Law — Bankruptcy — Obtaining sanction of the Official Assignee under s 31 of the Bankruptcy Act (Cap 20, 2009 Rev Ed) 1 Criminal Law — Statutory offences — Work Injury Compensation Act 1 Revenue Law - Income taxation - Qualifying debt securities 1 Evidence — Witnesses — Examination — Cross-examination of witness called by co-defendant 1 Confidence — Breach of confidence — Locus standi to sue for person under one’s responsibility 1 Employment Law — Contract of service — Restrictive covenants — Protection of trade connection with clients and suppliers 1 Criminal Law — Statutory offences — Parliament (Privileges, Immunities and Powers) Act 1962 1 Intellectual Property — Patents and inventions — Invalidity 1 Intellectual Property — Patents and inventions — Infringement 1 Probate and Administration — Administration of assets — Getting in and investing properly 1 Criminal procedure and sentencing — Sentencing — Sexual offences 1 Conflict Of Laws — Jurisdiction 1 Conflict Of Laws — Natural forum 1 Civil Procedure — Appeals — Amendment of notice of appeal 1 Companies — Schemes of arrangement — Company seeking moratorium — Whether company provided sufficient evidence of creditor support — Section 64 Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act 2018 1 Companies — Schemes of arrangement — Company seeking moratorium — Whether application was made in good faith and sufficiently particularised — Section 64 Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act 2018 Companies — Schemes of arrangement — Company seeking moratorium — Contents of Affidavit — Section 64 Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act 2018 1 Constitutional Law — Fundamental liberties — Equality before the law 1 Civil Procedure — Appeals — Time to appeal 1 Contract — Waiver — Whether compliance with pre-arbitration procedures had been waived 1 Arbitration — Arbitral tribunal — Jurisdiction — Whether pre-arbitration procedures were conditions precedent 1 Arbitration — Arbitral tribunal — Jurisdiction — Whether failure to comply with pre-arbitration procedures went to admissibility or jurisdiction 1 Arbitration — Arbitral tribunal — Jurisdiction — Whether member of a consortium had locus standi to commence arbitration on its own, or only jointly with other consortium member 1 Contract — Payment terms 1 Contract — Terms — Remedies for breach 1 Civil Procedure — Mareva Injunctions 1 Agency — Rights of agent — Indemnity 1 Civil Procedure — Costs — Third party costs 1 Civil Procedure — Costs — Contractual indemnity clause 1 Companies — Schemes of arrangement — Company seeking moratorium — Whether application was made in good faith — Whether there is sufficient evidence of creditor support — Section 64 Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act 2018 1 Criminal Law — Offences — Attempted rape 1 Criminal Law — Offences — Property — Criminal trespass 1 Contracts - Terms - Discharge of loan obligation 1 Insolvency Law — Winding up — Proof of debt — Liquidators’ partial rejection of proof of debt 1 Arbitration — Award — Recourse against award — Setting aside — Excess of jurisdiction 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing – Sentencing – Aggravating factors – Abscondment 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing – Sentencing – Aggravating factors – Premeditation 1 Limitation of actions — Effect of time having run 1 Equity — Fiduciary relationships — Breach of fiduciary duties 1 Arbitration — Declaratory relief 1 Arbitration — Conduct of arbitration — Correction of commencement date 1 Arbitration — Singapore International Arbitration Centre — Rules 2016 1 Criminal Law — Appeal — Criminal Procedure Code 2010 (2020 Rev Ed) — Costs and compensation 1 Land — Caveats — Remedies of caveatee 1 Criminal Law — Offences — Outrage of modesty — Whether the complainant’s testimony was unusually convincing 1 Insolvency Law — Bankruptcy — Petition — Conditions for making of expedited bankruptcy application — Section 314 Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act 1 Agency — Principal — Holding out 1 Intellectual Property — Law of confidence — Remedies 1 Companies — Memorandum and articles of association — Whether director was validly removed — Interpretation of company’s memorandum and articles of association — Whether contra proferentem rule should apply 1 Companies — Directors — Director’s right to inspect company’s accounting and other records — Whether applicant has standing to bring application — Whether applicant is a director of company— Section 199 Companies Act 1967 1 Civil Procedure — Mareva injunctions — Abuse of process 1 Civil Procedure — Mareva injunctions — Full and frank disclosure 1 Civil Procedure — Proprietary injunction — Balance of convenience 1 Civil Procedure — Proprietary injunction — Serious question to be tried 1 Legal Profession — Professional conduct — Breach — Rule 32 Legal Profession (Professional Conduct) Rules 2015 1 Legal Profession — Professional conduct — Breach — Rule 5(2) Legal Profession (Professional Conduct) Rules 2015 1 Legal Profession — Professional conduct — Breach — Rule 17(3) Legal Profession (Professional Conduct) Rules 2015 1 Legal Profession — Professional conduct — Breach — Rule 18(a) Legal Profession (Professional Conduct) Rules 2015 1 Legal Profession — Professional conduct — Breach — Rule 22(2) Legal Profession (Professional Conduct) Rules 2015 1 Legal Profession — Professional conduct — Breach — Rule 11(2)(a) Legal Profession (Professional Conduct) Rules 2015 1 Legal Profession — Professional conduct — Breach — Rule 16(3)(a) Legal Profession (Professional Conduct) Rules 2015 1 Legal Profession — Professional conduct — Improper conduct or practice as an advocate and solicitor — Breach of rules of conduct promulgated by Professional Conduct Council under Section 71(2) Legal Profession Act (Cap 161, 2009 Rev Ed) — Section 83(2)(b)(i) Legal Profession Act (Cap 161, 2009 Rev Ed) 1 Legal Profession — Professional conduct — Due cause of sufficient gravity for advocate and solicitor to be liable to punishment — Sentencing principles — Circumstances in which order for advocate and solicitor to be struck off the roll is the presumptive penalty — Section 83(1)(a) Legal Profession Act (Cap 161, 2009 Rev Ed) 1 Criminal Law — Offences — Sexual exploitation of a child 1 Trusts — Resulting trusts — Presumed resulting trusts — Father purchasing residential properties in daughter’s sole name — Whether father was ultimate source of funds — Whether presumption of resulting trust arises 1 Trusts — Resulting trusts — Presumption of advancement — Father providing for adult daughter’s housing, employment and daily expenses — Whether presumption of advancement arises — Whether presumption of advancement rebutted 1 Civil Procedure — Judgments and orders — Setting aside of default judgment 1 Criminal Law— Offences — Rioting 1 Road Traffic — Offences — Drink driving 1 Arbitration — Enforcement — Foreign award — Adjournment of enforcement proceedings 1 Contract — Implied contracts 1 Credit and Security — Trust receipts 1 Tort — Conspiracy — Conspiracy to injure by unlawful means 1 Intellectual Property — Trade mark and trade names — Relative ground for refusal — Passing off 1 Intellectual Property — Trade mark and trade names— Relative ground for refusal — Similarity to earlier registered trade mark 1 Insolvency Law — Winding up — Proof of debt — Whether liquidator’s decision to accept/reject proofs of debt should be affirmed 1 Insolvency Law — Administration of insolvent estates — Liquidator applying to court to have questions determined — Whether court should exercise its power to determine the questions — Whether determination of question is just and beneficial and of advantage to liquidation — Section 181 Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act 2018 1 Tort — Defamation — Damages — Assessment of damages 1 Tort — Defamation — Damages — Whether loss of earnings, business and clientele falls under general damages or special damages 1 Criminal Law — Offences — Attempt to murder 1 Contract — Discharge — Rescission 1 Contract — Sham transaction — Voidable 1 Civil Procedure — Foreign judgments — Recognition 1 Civil Procedure — Erinford injunctions 1 Companies — Schemes of arrangement — Trustee-manager of business trust seeking moratorium for intended scheme of arrangement — Whether trustee-manager may propose scheme of arrangement in respect of debts incurred in capacity as trustee-manager — Whether requirements for grant of moratorium satisfied — Terms of moratorium order — Section 64 Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act 2018 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Criminal Law — Offences — Culpable homicide 1 Criminal Law — Offences — Causing or allowing death of child 1 Criminal Law — Statutory offences — Children and Young Persons Act 1 Criminal Law — Offences — Disposal of corpse that impedes investigations 1 Companies — Directors — Breach of duties 1 Contract — Breach — Shareholders’ agreement 1 Contract — Formalities — Affixation of seal 1 Contract — Consideration — Sufficiency of consideration 1 Legal Profession — Conflict of interest — Representation of both creditor and liquidator 1 Companies — Striking off defunct companies — Restoration of struck off company 1 Limitation of Actions — Limitation direction — Section 344G(3) Companies Act 1967 1 Insolvency Law — Winding up — Liquidator — Whether appointment of additional liquidator appropriate and proper 1 Contempt of Court — Civil contempt — Rules of Court 2021 1 Civil Procedure - Pleadings - Amendment 1 Insolvency Law — Bankruptcy — Statutory demand — Dispute over quantum 1 Companies — Schemes of arrangement — Moratorium order 1 Companies — Receiver and manager — Judicial management order 1 Criminal Law — Offences — Attempted murder 1 Trusts — Trust for sale 1 Trusts — Beneficiaries — Minors 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Voir dire — Procedure 1 Land — Licences — Contractual licences 1 Civil Procedure — Witnesses — Calling defendant as witness for the plaintiff 1 Evidence — Witnesses — Examination — Recantation of concessions made under cross-examination 1 Insurance — Marine insurance — Duty of fair presentation — Sections 3, 7 UK Insurance Act 2015 1 Insurance — Marine insurance — Breach of warranties — Sections 10, 11 UK Insurance Act 2015 1 Insurance — Marine insurance — Whether vessel was a constructive total loss — Clause 6.1.1 Institute Time Clauses (Hulls) 1.10.83 CL 280 1 Insurance — Marine insurance — Whether loss caused by perils of the seas — Whether vessel was a decrepitude or debility — Clause 6.1.1 Institute Time Clauses (Hulls) 1.10.83 CL 280 1 Evidence — Admissibility of evidence — Hearsay — Requirement to give notice of reliance on hearsay evidence — Whether prejudice caused by curing non-compliance with notice requirement — Section 32(4)(b) Evidence Act 1893 1 Landlord and Tenant — Termination of leases — Forfeiture 1 Companies — Directors — Appointment 1 Civil Procedure — Pleadings — Striking out — Minority shareholder seeking implication of terms in company’s constitution and appointment of new directors — Whether there was a real controversy 1 Tort — Misrepresentation — Remedies 1 Civil Procedure — Injunctions — Discharge 1 Civil Procedure — Injunctions — Variation 1 Insolvency Law — Bankruptcy — Proof of debt — Whether proof can be rejected for factual complexity — Section 345 of the Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act 2018 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Insolvency Law — Bankruptcy — Proof of debt — Whether proof can be rejected such that all claims dealt with in co-defendant company’s liquidation — Section 345 of the Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act 2018 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Revision of proceedings — Substituting District Judge’s single penalty order with multiple penalty orders 1 Civil Procedure – Costs – Quantum 1 Trusts — Unlawful trusts 1 Conflict of laws — Choice of jurisdiction 1 Civil Procedure — Service — Dispensation of personal service 1 Unincorporated Associations and Trade Unions - Friendly Societies - Elections 1 Unincorporated Associations and Trade Unions - Friendly Societies - Constitution - Interpretation 1 Unincorporated Associations and Trade Unions - Friendly Societies - Meetings - Power of chairman to suspend or adjourn meeting 1 Unincorporated Associations and Trade Unions - Friendly Societies - Meetings - Power of chairman to reconvene suspended or adjourned meeting 1 Insolvency Law — Winding up — Proof of debt — Liquidators’ decision accepting proof of debt of a creditor challenged by another creditor — Burden of proof — Rule 133 of the Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution (Corporate Insolvency and Restructuring) Rules 2020 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Revision of proceedings — Accused person incapable of making defence — Determination of notional imprisonment term 1 Companies — Winding up — Disputed debt — Arbitration agreement — Applicable standard of review — Whether application to injunct winding up application raised a dispute that prima facie fell within the scope of an arbitration agreement or was an abuse of process 1 Civil Procedure – Judgments and orders – Setting Aside 1 Landlord and Tenant — Contract — Breach 1 Landlord and Tenant — Covenant — Quiet Enjoyment 1 Building And Construction Law — Building and construction contracts Building And Construction Law — Construction torts — Negligence 1 Building and Construction Law – Terms – Authorised deductions from stakeholding sum – Whether purchaser has taken the requisite steps to effect deduction of costs of rectification from stakeholding sum 1 Limitation of Actions – Particular causes of action – Whether vendor’s cause of action founded on a contract – Whether application of Limitation Act 1959 excluded by Singapore Academy of Law (Stakeholding) Rules (1998 Ed) 1 Debt and recovery — Enforcement — Writs of seizure and sale — Whether judgment creditor had taken reasonable steps to ascertain ownership of moveable property seized — Whether judgment creditor owed third party a duty of care to verify ownership of moveable property before executing writ of seizure and sale 1 Contract — Consideration — Sufficiency of consideration —Employer promising to pay severance pay to employee — Employee accepting termination — Whether employer's promise to pay severance pay contractually enforceable — Whether employer's promise to pay severance pay supported by consideration 1 Building And Construction Contracts – renovation contracts and contracts for minor works 1 Tort — Negligence — Duty of care — Whether there was sufficient legal proximity 1 Tort — Negligence — Duty of care — Whether defendant ought to know the extent of damage incurred in order to establish factual foreseeability 1 Family Law — Child — Abduction — Section 8 of the International Child Abduction Act 2010 1 International Law — Conventions — Articles 3 and 13(a) of the Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction 1 Insolvency Law — Winding up — Standing — Contingent creditor 1 Insolvency Law — Cross-border insolvency — Winding up of foreign companies — Standing to participate 1 Insurance — Marine insurance — Whether loss caused by perils of the seas 1 Insurance — Marine insurance — Whether vessel was a constructive total loss 1 Family Law – Maintenance – Child – Enforcement of maintenance order – Whether maintenance payable where adult child pursuing diploma course and undergoing work attachment while earning income – “whether or not while in gainful employment” – Section 69(5)(c) Women’s Charter 1961 Family Law – Maintenance – Child – Enforcement of maintenance order – Whether father entitled to pay maintenance directly to child instead of care parent as required by order 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Sentencing — Perverting the course of justice 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Sentencing — Principles — Totality principle 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Sentencing — Principles — One-transaction rule 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Sentencing — Principles — Rule against double counting 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Sentencing — Cheating offence causing victim to part with possession of property 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Sentencing — Offence of false trading and undertaking market rigging transactions 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Sentencing — Employment of manipulative and deceptive devices in connection with market trading 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Sentencing — Offence of acting as director of company and managing business without leave whilst being undischarged bankrupt 1 Criminal Law — Offences — Sexual assault involving penetration 1 Civil Procedure — Rules of court — Approval to file application other than in single application pending trial 1 Evidence — Principles — Functions of judge — Responsibilities of judge in managing cases involving self-represented persons 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Trials — Taking and recording of evidence in — Court managing questioning of complainants of sexual offences 1 Landlord and Tenant — Covenants — Repair 1 Civil Procedure — Appeals — Adducing fresh evidence on appeal — Appellant seeking to adduce fresh evidence on appeal to contend that the appellant’s entire debt to the claimant had been repaid — Legal principles governing adduction of further evidence in an appeal — Whether Ladd v Marshall principles applicable 1 Civil Procedure — Parties — Joinder — Application to add non-party as intervener — Whether non-party may be intervener in ordinary civil proceedings 1 Civil Procedure — Injunctions — ¬¬Setting aside ex parte order 1 Civil Procedure — Anton Piller orders — Setting aside ex parte order 1 Family violence Emotional or psychological abuse 1 Family Law - Matrimonial Assets 1 Legal Profession — Disciplinary procedures — Amendment of charges 1 Legal Profession — Duties — Vulnerable client lacking mental capacity 1 Legal Profession — Solicitor-client relationship — Implied retainer 1 Legal Profession — Disciplinary proceedings — Section 97 Legal Profession Act 1966 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Evidence — Admissibility of evidence — Hearsay — Section 32(1)(k) Evidence Act 1893 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Legal Profession — Conflict of interest — Lawyer subordinating interests of client to interests of another 1 Evidence — Admissibility of evidence — Relevancy of court judgments — Previous judgment on mental capacity — Sections 42 to 45 Evidence Act 1893 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Conflict of Laws — Foreign judgments — Defences — Breach of natural justice 1 Family Law — Matrimonial home 1 Family Law — Matrimonial assets — Division — Adverse inferences 1 Family Law — Variation of Maintenance Order 1 Family Law – Procedure – Discovery 1 Statutory Interpretation — Construction of statute — Purposive approach — Relationship between general and specific purposes of statute 1 Statutory Interpretation — Construction of statute — Presumption against retrospective operation — Provision expressly restricting temporal application of legislation 1 Insolvency Law — Cross-border insolvency — Standing of foreign representative to bring statutory claims based on transactions entered into before coming into force of UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency in Singapore — Art 23(9) UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency 1 Tort — Defamation — Reference to plaintiff — Whether readers in Singapore would understand the Facebook Posts to refer to the plaintiffs 1 Tort — Defamation — Publication — Internet defamation — Defamatory comments being posted on Facebook — Whether publication element in defamation law satisfied — Whether Facebook Posts read by substantial number of readers in Singapore — Whether publication of Facebook Posts in Singapore limited and nominal — Whether real and substantial tort disclosed —Whether the Jameel doctrine applicable 1 Contract — Loan agreement – Whether the loan was repaid 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Criminal motions — Adducing fresh evidence 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Criminal review — Permission for review — Section 394H Criminal Procedure Code 2010 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Family Law — Procedure — Appeals — Admission of further evidence on appeal 1 Criminal Law — Attempt 1 Criminal Law — Elements of crime — Mens rea — Knowledge 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Charge — Alteration 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Sentencing — Effect of s 12 of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1 Criminal Law — Statutory offences — Misuse of Drugs Act — Whether presumption of trafficking applied to attempts to possess drugs for trafficking 1 Tort – Negligence – Duty of care 1 Contract – Misrepresentation – Fraudulent 1 Landlord And Tenant – Agreements for leases 1 Landlord And Tenant – Rent and service charges 1 Contract – Misrepresentation – Action for rescission 1 Employment Law — Holidays 1 Employment Law — Pay — Shift workers 1 Employment Law — Leave — Annual leave 1 Employment Law — Benefits — Medical bills 1 Employment Law — Rest days — Hours of work 1 Mistake —Mistake of law — Whether CPF contributions were made under mistake of law 1 Employment Law — Contract of service — Whether contract of service or contract for services 1 Employment Law — Contract of service —Termination with notice — Whether termination was wrongful 1 Damages — Measure of damages — Tort — Reliance measure of damages for tort of deceit 1 Civil Procedure — Representative proceedings — Whether certain findings decided on representative basis and binding on all claimants 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Mutual legal assistance — Statutory interpretation 1 Criminal Law — Offences — Criminal intimidation 1 Civil Procedure — Costs — Artificial intelligence — Citation of fictitious authority — Personal costs order against solicitor 1 Insolvency Law — Winding up — Liquidator — Section 276(4) of the Companies Act (Cap 50, 2006 Rev Ed) 1 Tort — Defamation — Assessment of damages — Whether natural indignation of court should be independently considered 1 Tort — Defamation — Assessment of damages — Malice — Whether established — Burden of proof on claimant — No evidence of falsity 1 Tort — Defamation — Assessment of damages — Corporate claimant — Banking institution — Online publication — Quantum of general damages 1 Tort — Defamation — Assessment of damages — Factors to be considered — Nature and gravity of defamation — Standing of parties — Mode and extent of publication 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Sentencing — Judicial mercy 1 Criminal Law — Offences — Property — Forgery for the purpose of cheating 1 Insurance – Accident Insurance 1 Contract — Remedies — Mitigation of damage 1 Legal Profession — Admission — Lawyer (Non-practitioner) 1 Probate and Administration Act 1934 — Validity of Will – Testamentary Capacity – Knowledge and Approval of Will — Undue Influence 1 Family Law – Family Violence – Orders for Protection 1 Arbitration — Award — Recourse against award — Setting aside — Whether tribunal’s decision was not in accordance with the arbitral procedure agreed by the parties 1 Arbitration — Award — Recourse against award — Setting aside — Whether award in conflict with public policy of Singapore under Art 34(2)(b)(ii) UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration — International Arbitration Act (Cap 143A, 2020 Rev Ed) 1 Constitutional Law — Judicial review — Leave 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Extradition 1 Civil Procedure — Sealing orders 1 Legal Profession — Bill of costs — Assessment of bills 1 Family Law — Maintenance — Application for Variation 1 Family Law – Whether court should make coercive order compelling one parent to facilitate children’s participation in church camp over another parent’s objection – Applicable considerations Family Law – Coercive orders in parenting disputes – Judicial restraint – Court as last resort in resolving parenting disputes 1 Companies — Oppression — Standing 1 Trusts — Constructive trusts — Institutional constructive trust — Fraud 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Appeal — bail pending committal proceeding 1 Road Traffic — Offences — Driving without a licence — Section 35(1) Road Traffic Act 1961 1 Arbitration — Enforcement — Foreign award — Application to set aside enforcement order — Destruction of evidence uncovered during arbitration —Tribunal refusing application to strike out claims — Whether enforcement of award contrary to public policy of Singapore — Section 31(4)(b) International Arbitration Act 1994 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Arbitration — Enforcement — Foreign award — Application to set aside enforcement order — Tribunal making detailed orders for specific performance — Parties not consulted on terms of order for specific performance — Whether award was rendered in breach of natural justice — Section 31(2)(c) International Arbitration Act 1994 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Arbitration — Enforcement — Foreign award — Application to set aside enforcement order — Arbitration claimant allegedly raising new quantum case — Arbitration respondents addressing new quantum case on merits — Tribunal accepting new quantum case — Whether arbitration respondents precluded from seeking to set aside the enforcement order 1 Arbitration — Enforcement — Foreign award — Application to set aside enforcement order — Tribunal making detailed orders for specific performance — Parties not consulted on terms of order for specific performance — Whether tribunal decided on matters beyond scope of submission to arbitration — Section 31(2)(d) International Arbitration Act 1994 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Arbitration — Enforcement — Foreign award — Application to set aside enforcement order — Destruction of evidence uncovered during arbitration — Tribunal refusing to draw certain adverse inferences — Whether tribunal failed to consider arguments raised — Whether award was rendered in breach of natural justice — Section 31(2)(c) International Arbitration Act 1994 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Employment Law — Work Injury Compensation Act 1 Criminal Law — Appeal — Conviction 1 Evidence — Witnesses — Credibility 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Statements — Weight of statement 1 Civil Procedure — Time bar 1 Res Judicata — Cause of action estoppel 1 Family Law — Family Violence — No Contact Order 1 Family Law — Family Violence — Personal Protection Order 1 Family Law — Family Violence — Mandatory Treatment Order 1 Family Law — Family Procedure —Proceeding in the absence of the Respondent 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Sentencing — Custodial threshold 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Sentencing — Amalgamated offence 1 Criminal Law — Statutory offences — National Registration Regulations — False reporting of change of address 1 Criminal Law — Statutory offences — Penal Code 1871 — Offences against public servants — Giving false information to a public servant 1 Contract — Contractual terms – Whether Plaintiff was obliged to deliver goods upon being notified by Defendant 1 Civil Procedure — Abuse of process 1 Statutory Interpretation — Statutes — Mental Health (Care and Treatment) Act 2008 1 Criminal Law — Statutory offences — Section 55A(1)(a)(i) read with section 55A(1)(b)(iii) Corruption, Drug Trafficking and Other Serious Crimes (Confiscation of Benefits) Act 1992 1 Trusts — Resulting trusts — Illegality 1 Trusts — Resulting trusts — Parties’ intentions 1 Courts And Jurisdiction — Jurisdiction — Singapore International Commercial Court 1 Damages – Measure of damages – Personal injury cases 1 Statutory Interpretation — Statutes — Medical Registration (Amendment) Act 2020 section 23 1 ROAD TRAFFIC — Offences — Failing to provide blood specimen when required by police officer to do so — Protection of hospital patients 1 Credit and Security — Mortgage of real property — Mortgagee’s rights — Whether lender entitled to impose monthly late payment charges for instalments due after recalling loan 1 Civil Procedure — Production of documents — Notice to produce 1 Civil Procedure — Production of documents — Documents referred to in a pleading or affidavit — Approach under Rules of Court 2021 1 Civil Procedure — Summary judgment — Whether triable issues raised 1 Family Law – Section 56, the Women’s Charter 1961 - Right of occupation – Deserted Wife’s Equity 1 Arbitration — Injunction — Court’s powers under section 12A International Arbitration Act 1994 1 Succession and Wills — Construction 1 Succession and Wills — Formalities of will 1 Muslim Law — Madhab — Whether testator was Shafie or Hanafi 1 Succession and Wills — Validity of will — Whether unduly suspicious circumstances were present 1 Civil Procedure — Limitation — Whether s 22 of the Limitation Act applies to actions concerning wakafs 1 Muslim Law — Charitable trusts — Revocability of wakafs — Whether the majority or minority Hanafi position ought to apply 1 Civil Procedure — Inspection of Documents 1 Civil Procedure — Production of Documents — List of Documents 1 Civil Procedure — Appeals — Whether permission to appeal required 1 Civil Procedure — Judgments and orders — Sealing orders 1 Civil Procedure — Striking out — Company’s application to strike out notice of appeal filed 1 Civil Procedure — Amendments — Judgments — Default judgment 1 Insolvency Law — Winding up — Whether restraint order in relation to assets of company in liquidation should be varied — Paragraph 7(5) of the Third Schedule to the Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters Act 2000 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Land — Sale of land — Special conditions of sale 1 Administrative Law — Judicial Review — Exhaustion of alternative statutory remedies 1 Revenue Law — Goods and Services Tax — Goods and Services Tax Act sections 45, 49, and 51 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Appeal — Whether sentence imposed was manifestly inadequate 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Sentencing — Whether appellant’s sentence should be enhanced for abusing the process of the court 1 Abuse of Process — Appellant alleging counsel below rendered inadequate legal assistance — Whether allegation of inadequate legal assistance meritless and in abuse of process 1 Courts and Jurisdiction — District Court — Assessment of bill of costs 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Sentencing — Sexual offences — Criminal intimidation — Perverting the course of justice 1 Arbitration — Agreement 1 Insolvency Law — Winding up — Standing 1 Insolvency Law — Winding up — Disputed debt 1 Family Law — Personal Protection Order — Necessity 1 Family Law — Personal Protection Order — Emotional or Psychological Abuse 1 Family Law — Personal Protection Order — Emotional or Psychological Abuse — Applicability of the Contextualised Objective Approach 1 Family Procedure – Application for interim child orders – Father seeking to admit further affidavit after respondent has filed affidavit opposing his application – Whether to allow application – Applicable principles 1 Family Law – Access – Cross-border weekend access – Father seeking to bring his son to the former matrimonial home in Johor Bahru, Malaysia twice per month during weekend access – Whether to allow application – Analytical framework 1 Family Law – Interim orders – Father applying for interim child orders soon after divorce proceedings commenced – Mother objecting to the application as lacking in urgency – Whether application should be considered – Analytical framework 1 Arbitration — Agreement — Governing law 1 Arbitration — Enforcement — Singapore award 1 Arbitration — Conflict of laws — Governing law of underlying contract 1 Arbitration — Conflict of laws — Governing law of arbitration agreement 1 Family Law- Section 12 and Section 14 Vulnerable Adults Act 2018 1 Companies — Directors — Resignation 1 Companies — Members — Meetings — Whether chairperson has right to disallow votes 1 Contract — Discharge — Breach 1 Contract — Remedies — Liquidated damages 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing – Sentencing – s 57C(2) of the Immigration Act 1959 1 Family Law — Judicial separation 1 Civil Procedure — Affidavits — Further affidavits 1 Insolvency Law — Bankruptcy — Statutory demand — Setting aside of statutory demand 1 Civil Procedure — Costs — Personal costs order — Miscitation of authorities by counsel 1 Insolvency Law — Bankruptcy — Statutory demand — Time for filing bankruptcy application 1 Contract — Whether money given was a loan or an investment 1 Contract – Contractual terms – Limits to assignment agreement 1 Insolvency Law — Winding up — Liquidator — Whether a consent order for release amounts to release under Section 276(4) of the Companies Act (Cap 50, 2006 Rev Ed) 1 Insolvency Law — Bankruptcy — Section 352(6) Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act 2018 (2020 Rev Ed) — When court has power to make order 1 Insolvency Law — Bankruptcy — Section 352(6) Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act 2018 (2020 Rev Ed) — When asset has been protected or preserved 1 Civil Procedure — Judgments and orders — Functus officio 1 Criminal Law — Statutory offences — ss 6(b) and 7 of the Prevention of Corruption Act 1 Statutory Interpretation — Construction of statute — Principle of rectifying construction 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Sentencing — Appeals — Application of the Wong Chee Meng framework 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Sentencing — Appeals — Whether sentence should be enhanced after taking into consideration stood-down charges — s 390(9) of the Criminal Procedure Code 2010 1 Statutory Interpretation — Construction of statute — Purposive approach — Definition of “public body” — s 2 of the Prevention of Corruption Act — Whether Singapore Management University is a “public body” 1 Civil Procedure — Pleadings — Lessee seeking to argue contract infringed rule against penalties — Whether rule against penalties must be pleaded — Whether rule against penalties can be relied on at appeal 1 Civil Procedure — Appeals — Adducing fresh evidence on appeal — Lessee seeking to adduce fresh evidence on appeal to contend rule against penalties infringed — Whether requirement of relevance under Ladd v Marshall principles satisfied 1 Contract — Contractual terms — Rules of construction — Interpretation of contracts — Leasing of Tesla car — Lessee breaching lease agreement — Lessor terminating lease agreement — Whether liquidated damages payable by lessee — Whether contractual clause plain and unambiguous — Whether reference to extrinsic evidence permissible 1 Family Law — Family Procedure — Proceeding in the absence of the Respondent 1 Tort — Damages — Compensatory damages 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Sentencing — Forms of punishment — Probation 1 Family Law – Maintenance – Enforcement of maintenance arrears 1 Civil Procedure — Injunctions — Proprietary injunction 1 Damages- Proof of Damages 1 Family Law – Child – Relocation 1 Family Law – Child – Care and control 1 Civil Procedure — Mareva injunctions — Good arguable case 1 Criminal Law — Offences — Property — Criminal breach of trust 1 Evidence – Hearsay Evidence of Child 1 Family Law – Personal Protection Order – Physical Abuse 1 Civil Procedure — Striking out — Striking out originating application 1 Family Law — Maintenance — Child — Multiple maintenance orders in respect of one child 1 Family Law — Ancillary powers of court — Power of court to order a party to undergo paternity testing 1 Res Judicata — Extended doctrine of res judicata — Applicability of extended doctrine of res judicata to the issuance of multiple maintenance orders 1 Limitation of Actions — When time begins to run — Action to enforce an award 1 Arbitration — Enforcement — Foreign award — Whether s 6(3) of the Limitation Act 1959 (2020 Rev Ed) applied 1 Arbitration — Enforcement — Foreign award — Whether award debtor could argue that underlying claims in the arbitration were time-barred 1 Arbitration — Enforcement — Foreign award — Whether action to enforce an award was time barred under s 6(1)(c) of the Limitation Act 1959 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Civil Procedure — Service — Substituted service out of jurisdiction under the Rules of Court 2021 1 Sole Custody 1 Physical Abuse 1 Ancillary Matters 1 Adverse Inference 1 Spousal Maintenance 1 Single Income Marriage 1 Maintenance for Children 1 Contract – Contractual terms – Interpretation of terms 1 Family Law — Maintenance — Section 69 of the Women’s Charter 1961 1 Family Law — Family Procedure — Exercise of Judge-Led Powers in determining Questions of Law 1 Family Law — Maintenance — Section 69 of the Women’s Charter 1961 — Whether any orders may be made in respect of an application for child maintenance under section 69 of the Women’s Charter when there is already an existing Ancillary Matters order providing for child maintenance 1 Administrative Law — Judicial review — Duty to give reasons — Whether there was a breach of a duty to give reasons 1 Criminal Law — Statutory offences — Road Traffic Act — Drink driving 1 Criminal Law — Statutory offences — Road Traffic Act — Careless driving for serious offender 1 Civil Procedure — Affidavits 1 Civil Procedure — Striking out — Abuse of process 1 Civil Procedure — Striking out — Interests of justice 1 Family Law — Ancillary powers of court — Bankrupts asserting undocumented oral agreement transferring property interests to children before bankruptcy — Whether court had power under s 112 Women’s Charter (2020 Rev Ed) to determine children’s alleged property rights — Section 76(1)(a) Bankruptcy Act (Cap 20, 2009 Rev Ed) — Section 112 Women’s Charter (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Family Law — Ancillary powers of court — Consent orders purporting to require an undischarged bankrupt to transfer property that had vested in Official Assignee — Whether revocation of consent orders under s 112(4) Women’s Charter (2020 Rev Ed) following information provided by the Official Assignee concerning the bankruptcy of the spouses constituted determination of competing third party claims — Section 112(4) Women’s Charter (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Insolvency Law — Bankruptcy — Husband adjudged bankrupt before ancillary matters hearing in divorce proceedings — Wife adjudged bankrupt before hearing for variation of ancillary matters order — Vesting of parties’ assets in Official Assignee under s 76(1)(a) Bankruptcy Act (Cap 20, 2009 Rev Ed) — Consent orders purporting to require an undischarged bankrupt to transfer property that had vested in Official Assignee — Whether parties’ assets available for division under s 112 Women’s Charter (2020 Rev Ed) — Section 76(1)(a) Bankruptcy Act (Cap 20, 2009 Rev Ed) — Section 112 Women’s Charter (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Trusts — Unlawful trust — Whether trust is unenforceable for illegality 1 Building and Construction Law — Dispute resolution — Adjudication 1 Personal Protection Orders 1 Contract – Privity of contract – Whether third parties can rely on arbitration clause by virtue of Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 2001 1 Arbitration — Interlocutory order or direction — Injunction 1 Contract — Contractual terms — Rules of construction — Indemnities 1 Civil Procedure — Summary determination of question of law — Construction of contract 1 Admiralty and Shipping — Sale of ships — Clause 9 of the Norwegian Saleform 2012 — Construction 1 Injunctions — Mandatory injunction — Interim mandatory injunction compelling seller of ship to furnish security 1 Admiralty and Shipping — Practice and procedure of action in rem — Release — Whether release can be procured by way of an interim mandatory injunction 1 Intellectual Property — Copyright — Licences 1 Intellectual Property — Copyright — Groundless threat 1 Intellectual Property — Trade marks and trade names — Groundless threat 1 Criminal Law — Statutory offences — Official Secrets Act (Cap 213, 2012 Rev Ed) 1 Contract — Collateral Contracts 1 Civil Procedure — Rules of court — Summary determination of questions of law or construction of documents 1 Costs – Legal aid – Whether aided person liable for costs for fraud, misrepresentation, or improper conduct – Relevant considerations – Section 14(3) Legal Aid and Advice Act 1995 Costs – Legal aid – Whether aided person protected from costs incurred before Grant of Aid was filed – Section 12(4)(c) Legal Aid and Advice Act 1995 1 Restitution — Subrogation — Section 2 of the Mercantile Law Amendment Act 1856 1 Insolvency Law — Administration of insolvent estates — Conduct of legal proceedings — Whether certain creditors’ claims should be decided based on affidavits or after a trial 1 Admiralty and Shipping — Admiralty jurisdiction and arrest — Statutory liens created by admiralty in rem claimants — Effect of order made under s 100(2) of the Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act 2018 — Whether the order provided security to admiralty in rem claimants 1 Family Law – Ancillary Matters – Variation of consent order 1 Family Law — Ancillary powers of court — Setting aside of maintenance order —Whether consent order for maintenance should be set-aside for misrepresentation Family Law — Consent Orders — Rescission of order — Whether order procured by reason of fraudulent misrepresentation Family Law — Maintenance for wife – Enforcement of maintenance order 1 Injunctions — Application 1 Companies — Directors — Meetings 1 Civil Procedure — Costs — Taxation — Whether taxation should await separate damages inquiry concerning interim injunction 1 Trusts — Trustees — Fiduciary relationship — Trustee holding shares in company on trust for beneficiary — Trustee terminating sale of shares in company to third party — Whether trustee’s actions breach of trust — Whether breach of fiduciary duties — Whether trustee’s actions caused beneficiary to lose chance to sell shares to third party –– Whether chance lost real or substantial –– Whether chance lost speculative –– Section 3A Trustees Act 1967 1 Employment Law — Contract of service — Illegal terms 1 Employment Law — Pay — Whether overtime pay may be offset by fixed monthly allowance 1 Civil Procedure — Service — Substituted service — Setting aside —Defendant outside Singapore at the time of service — Whether substituted service without permission to serve out of the jurisdiction should be set aside 1 Conflict of Laws — Jurisdiction — Defendant outside Singapore at the time of service — Whether service out of the jurisdiction necessary to establish court’s jurisdiction over defendant — Section 16(1)(a) Supreme Court of Judicature Act 1969 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Bail — Variation — Leaving jurisdiction 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Criminal motions — Reviewing District Court’s refusal to grant leave to leave jurisdiction 1 Family Law — Custody — Access — Variation 1 Family Law — Child — Maintenance of child — Variation 1 Family Law — Maintenance — Wife — Rescission of nominal maintenance 1 Trusts — Presumed resulting trusts 1 Trusts — Common intention constructive trusts 1 Probate and Administration — Personal representatives — Liabilities 1 Family law — Family violence — Orders for protection 1 Statutory interpretation — Purposive approach — Extrinsic aids — Parliamentary materials — Definition of emotional or psychological abuse — Women’s Charter 1961 s 58B(4) 1 Family law — Family violence — Emotional or psychological abuse — Whether test under s 58B(4)(a) Women’s Charter 1961 is subjective, objective or something else — Contextualised objective approach adopted — Conduct must exceed ordinary unhappiness and frustration inherent in relationships 1 Landlord And Tenant – Termination of leases – Whether covenants amounted to conditions of the tenancy agreement Landlord And Tenant – Covenants – Quiet enjoyment 1 Bailment — Contract 1 Bailment — Joint bailees 1 Bailment — Bailees — Duties 1 Arbitration — Award — Recourse against award — Setting aside — Infra petita challenge 1 Arbitration — Award — Recourse against award — Setting aside — Whether failure to comply with pre-arbitration procedures went to admissibility or jurisdiction 1 Damages – Assessment – Defamation – Principles applicable to determination of appropriate quantum of damages 1 Damages — Measure of damages — Personal injury cases 1 Contempt of Court – Civil contempt – Company failing to comply with monetary judgment – Company director failing to attend examination of enforcement respondent hearing – Whether failure to attend intentional – Whether company director’s conduct contumelious – Whether contempt purged – Whether committal proceedings should be remedy of last resort – Section 4(1) Administration of Justice (Protection) Act 2016 1 Tort — Detinue 1 Gifts — Inter vivos 1 Family Law – Examination of Children – Expert Evidence – Whether leave should be granted for applicant to adduce and rely upon medical reports 1 Insolvency Law — Bankruptcy — Statutory Demand — Setting aside 1 Insolvency Law — Bankruptcy — Liquidated sum — Section 311(1)(b) of the Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act 2018 1 Arbitration — Award — Recourse against award — Setting aside — Jurisdiction — Whether proper party to arbitration agreement 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Appeal — Out of time 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Criminal motions — Extension of time to file notice of appeal 1 Conflict of Laws — Choice of jurisdiction 1 Tort — Assault and battery — Digital penetration 1 Abuse of process — Collateral purpose — Appellant seeking retrial under guise of application to adduce fresh evidence 1 Abuse of process — Inconsistent positions — Appellant seeking to adduce fresh evidence that he elected not to adduce at trial 1 Civil Procedure — Interim payment — Repayment of interim payment after judgment — Whether repayment of interim payment must be ordered before perfection of judgment 1 Civil Procedure — Appeals — Adducing fresh evidence on appeal — Legal principles governing adduction of further evidence in an appeal — Whether Ladd v Marshall principles applicable 1 Damages — Measure of damages — Personal injuries case — Assessment of injuries attributable to accident — Whether accident caused aggravation of pre-existing degenerative conditions — Whether accident caused psychiatric injuries 1 Family Law — Matrimonial assets — Pool of matrimonial assets 1 Family Law — Matrimonial assets — Division — Pre-nuptial agreement 1 Family law — Guardianship – Access – Order for access pending future divorce proceedings 1 Family law — Guardianship – Care and control – Whether interim order for care and control required when parties intend to divorce in the future 1 Maintenance enforcement officers — Report — s 89(3) Women’s Charter 1 Maintenance enforcement officers — Examination in court — s 90(4)(b) Women’s Charter 1 Family Law — Matrimonial proceedings — Whether ancillary matters are decided afresh in divorce following judicial separation 1 Family Law – Maintenance – Child maintenance – Variation of maintenance – Material change in circumstances – Factors that can affect the credibility of a defaulting parent’s claim that he is unable to pay existing maintenance Family Law – Maintenance – Child maintenance – Variation and enforcement of maintenance – Defaulting parent’s duty to provide full and frank financial disclosure – Adverse inference drawn against defaulting parent Family Law – Maintenance – Child maintenance – Enforcement of maintenance – Approach to assessing defaulting parent’s capacity to pay maintenance arrears by instalments where he has failed to provide full and frank financial disclosure 1 s71 Women’s Charter 1 Enforcement of Maintenance Order 1 Equity — Remedies — Equitable compensation 1 Evidence — Principles — Expert evidence on appeal 1 Equity — Fiduciary relationships — Duties — Duty to act in good faith 1 Foreign Law — France 1 Family Law — Custody — Care and control — Judicial interviews 1 Family Law — Custody — Care and control — Child welfare reports 1 Companies — Accounts 1 Companies — Shares — Dividends 1 Arbitration — Award — Final Award — Whether a conditional award can be a final award 1 Arbitration — Arbitral tribunal — Jurisdiction — Whether a tribunal may impliedly reserve its jurisdiction 1 Conflict of Laws — Choice of law — Corporations 1 Criminal Law — Defamation 1 Constitutional Law — Fundamental liberties — Freedom of expression 1 Arbitration — Award — Recourse against award — Setting aside — Rules of natural justice 1 Insolvency Law — Cross-border insolvency — Recognition of foreign insolvency proceedings — Recognition of foreign solvent liquidation proceedings 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Appeal — Recusal of appellate judge 1 Contract — Mistake — Mistake of fact 1 Damages — Special damages — Medical expenses 1 Damages — Measure of damages — Personal injuries 1 Damages — Rules in awarding — Rule against double recovery 1 Agency — Ratification — Effect 1 Agency — Principal — Undisclosed — Rights and liabilities 1 Agency — Third party and principal’s relations — Contractual relations 1 Bills of Exchange and Other Negotiable Instruments — Letter of credit transaction — Fraud exception 1 Bills of Exchange and Other Negotiable Instruments — Letter of credit transaction — Nullity exception 1 Admiralty and Shipping - Admiralty jurisdiction and arrest - Stay of action proceedings 1 Criminal Law — General exceptions — Duress 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Disclosure 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Reopening concluded decisions — Threshold 1 Confidence — Remedies — Damages 1 Intellectual Property — Copyright 1 Intellectual Property — Copyright — Remedies — Damages 1 Mental Disorders and Treatment — Management of patients' property and affairs 1 Arbitration — Award — Interim award — Whether Respondent to arbitration waived his jurisdictional objection in application for interim relief 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Sentencing — Appeals — Principles 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Sentencing — Appeals — Young offenders 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Sentencing — Appeals — Mentally disordered offenders 1 Insolvency Law — Cross-border insolvency — Recognition of foreign insolvency proceedings — Activities of a regulated company, if illegitimate, are excluded from consideration in assessing a company’s centre of main interests 1 Insolvency Law — Administration of insolvent estates — Judicial management — Interim judicial management 1 Arbitration — Confidentiality — Privacy 1 Administrative Law — Remedies — Quashing order 1 Administrative Law — Remedies — Prohibiting order 1 Constitutional Law — Attorney-General — Prosecutorial discretion 1 Civil Procedure — Injunctions — Restraint of foreign judicial proceedings 1 Arbitration — Agreement — Scope — Whether dispute arising for damage done by shipowner/carrier to a trestle bridge owned by the cargo shipper is a dispute “arising out of or in connection with” the contract of carriage evidenced by bills of lading 1 Intellectual Property — Geographical indications — Qualification of rights — Burden of proof 1 Intellectual Property — Geographical indications — Qualification of rights — Whether “Parmesan” is a translation of “Parmigiano Reggiano” 1 Choses in Action — Assignment 1 Insolvency Law — Insolvency set-off 1 Debt and Recovery — Right of set-off — Legal set-off 1 Criminal Law — Statutory offences — Prevention of Corruption Act 1960 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Criminal Law — Statutory Offences — Misuse of Drugs Act 1 Insolvency Law — Winding up — Proof of debt — Liquidators seeking to set-off crossclaims as a basis for rejecting proof of debt — Whether liquidators generally entitled to set-off all crossclaims in the proof of debt process 1 Res Judicata — Applicable principles — Creditor seeking a stay of the appeal in Singapore — Whether res judicata arose in the decision of a liquidator of a foreign company which was pending an appeal in another jurisdiction 1 Criminal Law — Statutory offences — Corruption, Drug Trafficking and Other Serious Crimes (Confiscation of Benefits) Act 1 Companies — Memorandum and articles of association 1 Conflict of Laws — Restraint of foreign proceedings 1 Civil Procedure — Injunctions — Prohibitory injunction to restrain breach of negative covenant 1 Family Law – Maintenance – Enforcement of maintenance order – Recovery of maintenance arrears – Attachment of earnings order under section 81 of the Women’s Charter 1961 – Applicable principles 1 Family Law — Contested Divorce - Adultery - Unreasonable behaviour - Section 95(3)(a) & (b) of the Women’s Charter (Cap. 353) 1 Building and Construction Law — Damages 1 Building and Construction Law — Termination 1 Building and Construction Law — Employers’ duties 1 Building and Construction Law — Contractors’ duties 1 Family Law — Matrimonial assets — Division — Non-financial contributions 1 Family Law — Matrimonial assets — Division — Total value of matrimonial pool 1 Family Law — Matrimonial assets — Central Provident Fund — Repayment of moneys used to purchase matrimonial home 1 Civil Procedure — Appeals — New points 1 Land — Sale of land — Contract — Options to purchase 1 Civil Procedure — Payments into and out of court — Interest 1 Contract — Misrepresentation — Inducement — Whether representee was induced to enter into contract 1 Contract — Misrepresentation — Rescission — Whether rescission is available in respect of contract for services where services have been rendered thereunder 1 Contract — Mistake — Unilateral mistake as to identity of contracting counterparty — Whether doctrine of mistaken identity extends to attributes of contracting counterparty 1 Contract — Contractual terms — Express terms — Interpretation of deeds of settlement 1 Family Law — Custody — Access — Variation — Therapeutic justice 1 Family Law — Custody — Access — Variation — Material change in circumstances 1 Equity — Remedies — Equitable accounting — Accounting for contributions of co-owner towards repayment of mortgage loan in absence of prior agreement 1 Equity — Remedies — Equitable accounting — Accounting for sole occupation of property by co-owner by way of setting-off against interest element of mortgage payments 1 Civil Procedure — Judgments and orders — Order for division of net sale proceeds between co-owners — Whether court was functus officio when ordering equitable accounting of co-owners’ contributions towards repayment of mortgage loan in division of net sale proceeds where judgment was previously rendered declaring their beneficial interests in co-owned property 1 Family Law — Matrimonial assets — Division — Adverse inference drawn for non-disclosure 1 Tort — Misrepresentation — Innocent misrepresentation 1 Gifts — Avoidance 1 Trusts — Trust deed — Interpretation — Whether the trust deed prohibits certain unitholders of the trust from voting at an extraordinary general meeting 1 Deeds and Other Instruments — Deeds — Interpretation — Whether the trust deed prohibits certain unitholders of the trust from voting at an extraordinary general meeting 1 Contract — Contractual terms — Whether party’s claim precluded by contractual term excluding liability 1 Tort — Negligence — Duty of care — Whether duty of care can be imposed in addition to a co-terminous contractual duty 1 Contract — Contractual terms — Warranties — Whether latent defects that do not manifest or are not discovered during the warranty period are nonetheless caught by the warranty 1 Trusts — Breach of trust 1 Contract — Illegality and public policy — Illegality under international and foreign law 1 Building and Construction Law — Jurisdictional objection 1 Building and Construction Law — Statutes and regulations 1 Building and Construction Law — Building and construction contracts 1 Contract — Undue influence 1 Civil Procedure — Extension of time — Applicable legal principles for extension of time to file an application for permission to appeal — Prospect of success 1 Civil Procedure-Appeals-Striking out-Notice of appeal 1 Civil Procedure — Limitation 1 Building and Construction Law — Architects, Engineers and Surveyors — Statutory obligations 1 Civil Procedure — Costs —Taxation 1 Legal Profession — Professional conduct 1 Probate and Administration — Executors 1 Statutory Interpretation — Statutes — Building and Construction Industry Security of Payment Act 2004 1 Statutory Interpretation — Interpretation Act — Applicability to s 13(3)(a) of the Building and Construction Industry Security of Payment Act 2004 1 Building and Construction Law — Dispute resolution — Adjudication — Building and Construction Industry Security of Payment Act 2004 — Setting aside — Interpretation of s 13(3)(a) 1 Insolvency Law — Winding up — Company wound up — Whether permission is required to proceed with an appeal against the company where lower court previously granted permission to commence action or proceeding against the company — Section 133(1) Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act 2018 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Evidence — Presumptions — Presumption of similarity 1 Civil Procedure — Summary judgment — Appeal against grant of summary judgment 1 Civil Procedure — Appeals — Leave — Permission to appeal against application to adduce further evidence 1 Civil Procedure — Appeals — Striking out 1 Civil Procedure — Appeals — Right of appeal 1 Family Law — Matrimonial proceedings — Whether a second extension of time to file a notice of appeal should be allowed 1 Family Law — Custody — Mother and father of child residing in different countries 1 Family Law — Custody — Care and Control 1 Family Law — Adultery — Evidence and proof 1 Family Law — Child — Whether child should be moved from local school to international school 1 Family Law—Procedure—Costs 1 Family Law — Matrimonial assets — Division — Application of structured approach in ANJ v ANK 1 Family Law — Matrimonial assets — Division — Whether there was a failure to make full and frank disclosure 1 Family Law — Custody — Access — Whether father’s access was akin to shared care and control over child with mother 1 Family law — Matrimonial assets — Liabilities Family law — Matrimonial assets — Division — Dual-income or single-income marriage 1 Injunctions — Interlocutory injunction 1 Succession and Wills — Testamentary capacity — Mental disability Succession and Wills — Revocation — Later instrument 1 Family Law — Custody — Joint orders 1 Probate and Administration — Special and limited grants of administration — Administration 1 Family Law-Children and Young Persons Act 1 Family Law — Maintenance — wife — variation of maintenance orders due to material change in circumstances 1 Succession and Wills — Revocation — later instrument 1 Family Law — Maintenance — Whether variation or recission orders should be backdated 1 Family Law — Maintenance — Child — Whether there was a material change of circumstances 1 Family Law — Maintenance — Child — Whether an issue estoppel arises out of enforcement orders made in maintenance summonses 1 Family Law — Custody — Care and control — Relocation 1 Civil Procedure - Extension of time 1 Family Law - Custody - care and control - shared care and control of children 1 Contempt of Court — Civil contempt — Lifting of suspension of committal order 1 Family Law — Procedure — Extension of time 1 Family Law — Custody — Access — Whether disclosure of party’s bank statements and IP address is allowed 1 Family Law — Maintenance — Child — Post-graduate tertiary educational expenses are luxuries that parents should not be obliged to pay for 1 Insolvency Law — Cross-border insolvency — Public policy 1 Arbitration — Confidentiality — Application for redaction and sealing orders 1 Civil Procedure — Affidavits — Application for leave to file further affidavits 1 Civil Procedure — Extension of time — Application for a retrospective extension of time to file an application to set aside an enforcement order 1 Arbitration — Enforcement — Application to set aside order granting leave to enforce an arbitral award in the same manner as a judgment of the court 1 Civil Procedure — Service — Requirements for valid service of documents out of jurisdiction on a “State” within the meaning of the State Immunity Act 1979 1 Arbitration — Anti-suit injunction 1 Civil Procedure — Pleadings — Further and better particulars 1 Companies — Schemes of arrangement — Disclosure — Section 71 Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act 2018 1 Companies — Schemes of arrangement — Jurisdiction over foreign companies — Sections 63 and 246 of the Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act 2018 1 Arbitration — Permanent anti-suit injunction 1 Companies — Directors — Disqualification 1 Civil Procedure — Judgments and orders — Enforcement 1 Equity — Estoppel — Duty to speak 1 Arbitration — Award — Recourse against award — Setting aside — Breach of natural justice — Tribunal alleged to have copied large portions of award from awards in parallel arbitrations implicating similar issues — Section 24(b) International Arbitration Act 1994 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Civil Procedure— Costs — Principles 1 Civil Procedure— Interest — Pre-judgment interest 1 Civil Procedure — Foreign law — Whether question of foreign law to be determined by submissions or proof 1 Arbitration — Award — Enforcement 1 Arbitration — Award — Recourse against award — Setting aside — Fraud 1 Arbitration — Award — Recourse against award — Setting aside — Illegality 1 Arbitration — Award — Recourse against award — Setting aside — Natural justice 1 Arbitration — Costs 1 Civil Procedure — Costs — Principles — Principles on assessment of costs for proceedings in Singapore International Commercial Court — Reasonableness and proportionality of costs — Disparity between quantum of costs estimates of parties 1 Civil Procedure — Costs — Principles — Principles on assessment of costs for proceedings in Singapore International Commercial Court — Reasonableness and proportionality of costs — Factors relevant to assessment of reasonableness and proportionality of costs awarded pursuant to Order 22 rule 3(2) of Singapore International Commercial Court Rules 2021 1 Limitation of Actions — Particular causes of action — Tort — Whether the claimant’s claim in medical negligence for personal injuries is time-barred 1 Civil Procedure — Striking out — Whether the claimant’s claim in medical negligence for personal injuries should be struck out in the interests of justice 1 Civil Procedure — Striking out — Whether the claimant’s claim in medical negligence for personal injuries should be struck out for being an abuse of process 1 Civil Procedure — Inherent powers — Case management stay 1 Admiralty and Shipping — Practice and procedure of action in rem — Security 1 Civil Procedure — Costs — Security — Whether the foreign plaintiffs ought to pay security for costs 1 Civil Procedure — Summary judgment — Whether summary judgment ought to be granted on the plaintiffs’ claims 1 Civil Procedure — Striking out — Whether the plaintiffs’ claims for breach of contract ought to be struck out for having no reasonable cause of action, being frivolous or vexatious or an abuse of process 1 Civil Procedure – Judgments and orders – Enforcement – Attachment of debts 1 Civil Procedure — Disclosure of documents 1 Insolvency Law — Bankruptcy — Powers of the court 1 Insolvency Law — Bankruptcy — Annulment of bankruptcy order 1 Insolvency Law — Bankruptcy — Setting aside of bankruptcy order 1 Civil Procedure — Production of documents — Inspection of original of document produced 1 Mental Disorders and Treatment — Inquiries into mental disorders 1 Courts and Jurisdiction — Jurisdiction — Appellate — Appropriate degree of appellate intervention 1 Civil Procedure — Appeals — Claim on appeal inconsistent with case below — Whether prejudice caused to other party 1 Civil Procedure — Pleadings — Claim on appeal inconsistent with case below — Whether prejudice caused to other party 1 Restitution — Failure of consideration — Whether failure of consideration total or partial — Whether incidental or collateral benefits can be disregarded 1 Restitution — Failure of consideration — Total failure of consideration — Essential bargain between contracting parties — Whether benefits conferred were essential or incidental 1 Credit And Security — Money and moneylenders — Loans of money 1 Credit And Security — Money and moneylenders — Illegal moneylending 1 Civil Procedure — Summary judgment — Threshold of triable issues 1 Statutory Interpretation — Construction of statute — Whether Estate Agents Act 2010 and subsidiary legislation confer private rights of suits in respect of an estate agent’s breach of statutory duty 1 Land — Strata titles — Land Titles (Strata) Act 1 Insolvency Law — Insolvency set-off — Whether legal set-off or equitable set-off can be asserted against company in liquidation 1 Insolvency Law — Insolvency set-off — Whether claims based on defendant’s misfeasance or wrongdoing are within the scope of insolvency set-off 1 Insolvency Law — Winding up — Winding-up order — Plaintiff protected by moratorium under s 133(1) Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act 2018 (2020 Rev Ed) — When counterclaim can be brought by defendant without leave of court 1 Abuse of Process — Riddick principle — Whether leave should be granted to lift the Riddick undertaking 1 Criminal Law — Abetment 1 Credit and Security - Performance bond 1 Civil Procedure - Pleadings - Striking out 1 Credit and Security - Guarantees and indemnities 1 Contract — Breach — Repudiatory breach 1 Contract — Remedies — Specific performance 1 Tort — Misrepresentation — Fraudulent misrepresentation 1 Legal Profession — Disciplinary proceedings — Application pursuant to sections 16(4) and 98 of the Legal Profession Act 1966 1 Insolvency Law — Administration of insolvent estates — Judicial management — Whether the issuance of an in rem writ renders the in rem writ claimant a creditor of the owner of the vessel within the meaning of s 115 of the Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act 1 Insolvency Law — Administration of insolvent estates — Judicial management — Ex parte James principle — Whether the Ex parte James principle affords a free-standing right to recover the net proceeds of the sale of the vessel in Gibraltar — Whether the conduct of the judicial managers rose to a level of opprobrium that required intervention by the court 1 Insolvency Law — Administration of insolvent estates — Judicial management — Disposal of assets — Sale of vessel effected by judicial sale in Gibraltar following arrest by the mortgagee — Whether the issuance of an in rem writ in Singapore causes a vessel to be subject to a security within the meaning of s 100(2)(a) of the Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act 1 Contract — Discharge — Anticipatory breach 1 Trusts — Constructive trust 1 Gifts — Presumptions against — Resulting trusts 1 Insolvency Law — Winding up — Inability to pay debts 1 Insolvency Law — Winding up — Unable to pay debts 1 Contempt Of Court — Sentencing 1 Contempt Of Court — Civil contempt 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Appeal — Employment of Foreign Manpower Act 1 Civil Procedure — Offer to settle – Basis of costs – O 22A r 9(3) Rules of Court (2014 Rev Ed) 1 Contract — Contractual terms — Exemption clause 1 Restitution — Unjust enrichment — At the expense of 1 Evidence — Proof of evidence — Onus and standard of proof 1 Contract — Discharge — Stipulated event — Innocent party entitled to terminate in event of breach of warranty or term of contract 1 Contract — Discharge — Stipulated event — Innocent party entitled to terminate if in its opinion the other party is guilty of gross moral turpitude 1 Contract — Contractual terms — Implied term not to exercise contractual discretion dishonestly, for an improper purpose, irrationally, capriciously or arbitrarily 1 Contract — Contractual terms — Contractual term entitling innocent party to clawback full amount of funding or subsidy received under the contract upon termination of contract on fault-based grounds 1 Constitutional Law — Fundamental liberties — Right to counsel 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Charge — Joinder of similar offences 1 Tort — Defamation — Damages 1 Tort — Conversion — Damages — Measure of damages to a plaintiff who is a distributor of the converted goods — Meaning of relevant market 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing – Sentencing 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Sentencing — Sentencing framework — Road Traffic Act — Sections 65(3)(a) and 65(4)(a) 1 Companies — Members — Rights 1 Companies — Directors — Powers 1 Companies — Directors — Removal 1 Companies — Capital — Share capital 1 Contract — Undue influence — Actual 1 Companies — Oppression — Equal shareholders 1 Contract — Duress — Economic duress — Causation 1 Insolvency Law — Winding up — Effect of petition 1 Insolvency Law — Winding up — Application by liquidator for authorisation to appoint solicitors — Whether the court has the power to grant retrospective authorisation of a liquidator’s appointment of solicitors — Section 144(1)(f) of the Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act 2018 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Insolvency Law — Winding up — Funding by creditors — Approval of funding agreement — Assignment of proceeds of company’s cause of action — Sections 144(1)(g) and 144(2)(b) of the Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act 2018 (2020 Rev Ed) Insolvency Law — Winding up — Funding by creditors — Application for prospective advantage — Distinction between applications for prospective advantage and applications for retrospective advantage — Section 204(3) of the Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act 2018 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Criminal Law — Statutory offences — Workplace Safety and Health Act 2006 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Appeal — Plea of guilty — Appellant appealing against sentence after pleading guilty 1 Res judicata — Extended doctrine of res judicata 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Sentencing — Guidelines on the Reduction in Sentences for Guilty Pleas 1 Contract — Breach — Assessment of damages 1 Contract — Breach — Obligation to provide loan to company 1 Companies — Directors — Duties — Duties expected of a nominee director 1 Evidence — Proof of evidence — Onus of proof — Onus or burden of proof on party seeking to depend on existence of fact 1 Companies — Directors — Liabilities — Whether nominee director liable to account for withdrawals made from company accounts during her tenure 1 Civil Procedure — Writ of summons — Extension of validity of writ of summons 1 Civil procedure — Amendments — Amendment of writ of summons and statement of claim 1 Civil Procedure — Witnesses — Whether the appointment of a private examiner to conduct a pre-trial examination is a step that can be taken by way of obtaining evidence for the purposes of domestic civil proceedings 1 Insolvency Law — Winding up — Interpretation of settlement agreement 1 Insolvency Law — Winding up — Proof of debt — Hindsight principle 1 Insolvency Law — Winding up — Proof of debt — Whether liquidators rejected proof of debt without good reason 1 Insolvency Law — Winding up — Proof of debt — Valuation of contingent claim or contingent debt — Genuine and fair assessment of chances of liability occurring 1 Contract — Illegality and public policy — Whether contract was sham or fraudulent 1 Banking — Branch bank — Whether representative office was branch bank — Whether plaintiff had standing to sue 1 Contract — Formation — Whether beneficiary presenting documents to confirming bank enters into contract with issuing bank or confirming bank 1 Contract — Remedies — Mitigation of damage — Whether failure to sue third party in addition to defendant for the same loss constitutes failure to mitigate 1 Restitution — Enrichment — At the expense of — Requirement of direct enrichment — Exception for coordinated transactions — Whether it would be unrealistic to consider the transactions separately 1 Tort — Negligence — Duty of care — Misrepresentation — Whether issuing bank having cause of action in negligent misrepresentation against beneficiary for misrepresentation made in document presented to issuing bank 1 Contract — Contractual terms — Rules of construction — Representations and warranties — Whether representation and warranty construed literally or purposively — Whether representation and warranty contain “element of futurity” 1 Bills of Exchange and Other Negotiable Instruments — Letter of credit transaction — Whether issuing bank having cause of action in negligent misrepresentation against beneficiary for misrepresentation made in document presented to issuing bank 1 Bills of Exchange and Other Negotiable Instruments — Letter of credit transaction — Whether fraud exception established — Whether representation made in document presented to confirming bank was false — Whether beneficiary made representation without belief in its truth 1 Credit and Security — Guarantees and indemnities — Contracts of indemnity — Letter of indemnity presented by beneficiary for payment under letter of credit — Beneficiary representing and warranting under letter of indemnity the “existence, authenticity and validity” of signed bills of lading “issued or endorsed to the order of” issuing bank — Whether representation and warranty construed literally or purposively — Whether representation and warranty contains “element of futurity” 1 Contract — Contractual terms — Implied term 1 Contract — Contractual terms — Admissibility of Evidence 1 Contract — Contractual terms — Incorporation by reference 1 Contempt of Court — Civil Contempt 1 Limitation of Actions — When time begins to run 1 Tort — Motor accidents 1 Civil Procedure — Experts 1 Gifts — Inter vivos — Whether there was intention to benefit recipient 1 Gifts — Formalities in making — Whether the gift was sealed or delivered 1 Road Traffic — Offences — Driving without a licence — Sentencing framework for s 35(1) RTA offences of driving without a licence 1 Trusts — Trustees — Powers — Whether trustee’s power to certify amendments is in the nature of a discretion 1 Trusts — Trust deed — Interpretation — Whether the trust deed prohibits certain unitholders of the REIT from voting at an EGM 1 Trusts — Purpose trusts — Real estate investment trust — Whether internalisation of REIT’s management requires amendments to its trust deed 1 Tort — Negligence — Duty of Care 1 Insolvency Law — Cross-border insolvency — Disclosure and examination orders 1 Insolvency Law — Schemes of arrangement — Moratoria over related companies — Section 65 of the Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act 2018 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Trusts – Trustees – Duties 1 Trusts – Trustees – Retirement 1 Conflict of Laws – Choice of jurisdiction 1 Conflict of Laws – Choice of law – Trusts 1 Insolvency Law —Winding up — Unregistered companies 1 Insolvency Law —Winding up — Societies registered under the Societies Act 1966 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Criminal Law — Offences — Property 1 Criminal Law — Offences — Documents 1 Civil Procedure — Parties — Standing 1 Probate and Administration — Personal representatives 1 Civil Procedure — Trial — Adducing fresh evidence after trial 1 Insolvency Law — Winding up — Liquidator — Expunging proof of debt 1 Evidence — Proof of evidence — Proof of debt owed by related company 1 Criminal Law — Statutory offences — Road Traffic Act — Driving while disqualified 1 Intellectual Property — Remedies — Damages 1 Civil Procedure — Mareva injunctions — Whether threshold of good arguable case has been met by joint liquidators seeking freezing order 1 Civil Procedure — Mareva injunctions — Whether joint liquidators applying for freezing order demonstrated real risk of dissipation of assets by subject of freezing order 1 Civil Procedure — Mareva injunctions — Whether joint liquidators applying for freezing order without notice complied with duty to give full and frank disclosure of material information 1 Admiralty and Shipping — Admiralty jurisdiction and arrest — Statutory liens 1 Admiralty and Shipping — Admiralty jurisdiction and arrest — Ownership of vessels 1 Admiralty and Shipping — Carriage of goods by sea — Bareboat charterparties — Characteristics 1 Admiralty and Shipping — Practice and procedure of action in rem — Judicial sale of vessel — Effect of judicial sale on bareboat charterparty 1 Restitution — Subrogation — Securities in the form of ship mortgages granted to lender — Subrogation to extinguished securities in equity — Subrogation to extinguished securities under s 2 of the Mercantile Law Amendment Act 1856 1 Agency — Principal — Tortious liabilities 1 Tort — Defamation — Remedies — Nominal damages 1 Criminal Law — Criminal conspiracy 1 Conflict of Laws — Foreign judgment — Enforcement of non-money judgment under s 4(4) Reciprocal Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Act 1959 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Companies — Oppression — Remedies — Order requiring sale of shares in company by member to other members — Independent valuation of shares in company for compulsory sale 1 Civil Procedure — Costs — Quantum — Appendix G of Supreme Court Practice Directions 2021 — Costs guidelines for party-and-party costs for trials of commercial matters 1 Criminal Law — Offences — Sexual offences — Sections 377BK(1) and 377BK(2) Penal Code (Cap 224, 2008 Rev Ed) 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing – Sentencing – Sentencing framework – Sections 377BK(1) and 377BK(2) Penal Code (Cap 224, 2008 Rev Ed) 1 Contract — Consideration 1 Contract — Variation — No oral modification clause 1 Agency — Rights of agent — Commission — Whether agent effective cause of transaction 1 Insolvency Law — Winding up — Liquidator — Role of liquidator in adversarial proceedings 1 Companies — Directors — Duties — Relief from liability — Section 391 of the Companies Act 1967 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Banking — Quincecare duty — Juridical basis of the Quincecare duty — Whether bank breached its Quincecare duty 1 Damages — Existence of loss — Whether insolvent company can suffer loss despite no change in net asset position 1 Companies — Directors — Duties — Duty of skill, care and diligence — Section 157(1) of the Companies Act 1967 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Insolvency Law — Winding up — Proof of debt — Whether insolvent company incurs liability before adjudication of proof of debt 1 Banking — Letters of credit — Fraud exception — Irregularities on the face of bills of lading — Whether fraud exception established 1 Banking — Letters of credit — Nullity exception — Irregularities on the face of bills of lading — Whether nullity exception established 1 Damages — Existence of loss — Liability to third party — Whether discharge of liability to third party necessary for claimant to suffer loss 1 Companies — Directors — Duties — Duty to take into account interests of creditors — Whether test is subjective or part subjective, part-objective 1 Contract — Contractual terms — Force majeure clause 1 Contract — Remedies — Damages — Causation — Whether loss caused by breach 1 Banking — Statement of account — Verification clauses — Whether verification clause binding on issuer 1 Contract — Contractual terms — Rules of construction — Whether force majeure event rendered compliance “impossible or impracticable” 1 Contract — Contractual terms — Sections 3 and 11 Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 (2020 Rev Ed) — Whether test of reasonableness applies to contractual terms 1 Restitution — Duress 1 Restitution — Undue influence 1 Civil Procedure — Injunctions — Proprietary injunctions — Principles 1 Civil Procedure — Injunctions — Mareva injunctions — Principles — “Real risk of dissipation” requirement — Applicability of balance of convenience test to Mareva injunctions 1 Insolvency Law — Avoidance of transactions — Transactions at an undervalue — Whether transfer of property pursuant to ancillary relief order capable of challenge as a transaction at an undervalue — Section 361 of the Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act 2018 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Building and Construction Law – Dispute resolution – Setting aside adjudication determination on ground of invalid payment claim – Section 10(4) Building and Construction Industry Security of Payment Act 2004 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Building and Construction Law – Dispute resolution – Setting aside adjudication determination on ground of contract not being in writing – Sections 4(1) and 4(5) Building and Construction Industry Security of Payment Act 2004 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Building and Construction Law – Dispute resolution – Setting aside adjudication determination on ground of work falling outside definition of construction work – Section 3 Building and Construction Industry Security of Payment Act 2004 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Contempt of Court — Contempt in face of court 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Revision of proceedings — Revision of orders made at criminal case disclosure conference under s 404 Criminal Procedure Code 2010 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Disclosure — Criminal case disclosure conference — Whether Case for the Prosecution required under s 214(1)(d) Criminal Procedure Code 2010 to include conditioned statement for every witness the Prosecution intends to call at trial 1 Building and Construction Law — Building and construction contracts — Renovation contracts and contracts for minor works 1 Professions — Dentistry and dental practice — Professional conduct 1 Arbitration — Enforcement — Foreign award — Defendant seeking to set aside enforcement order on ground that claimant breached its duty of full and frank disclosure 1 Arbitration — Enforcement — Foreign award — Defendant seeking to set aside enforcement order on ground that there was no proper notice of the arbitration proceedings — Section 31(2)(c) International Arbitration Act 1 Legal Profession - Professional conduct - Breach 1 Civil Procedure – Striking out – Defendants deliberately and persistently failing to comply with court orders – Whether striking out of defence justified 1 Civil Procedure – Mareva injunctions – Whether plaintiff under obligation to restore asset dissipated in breach of Mareva injunction – Value of assets to be restored to asset pool 1 Insolvency Law — Winding up — Effect of petition — Buyout order 1 Companies — Winding up — Just and equitable ground — Breach of legitimate expectations 1 Companies — Winding up — Just and equitable ground — Whether company is a quasi-partnership or akin to one 1 Companies — Winding up — Just and equitable ground — Loss of mutual trust and confidence — Whether loss of mutual trust and confidence was self-induced 1 Insolvency Law — Winding up — Service of statutory demand — Whether statutory demand served at registered office of company –– Section 125(2)(a) Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act 2018 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Insolvency Law — Winding up — Grounds for petition — Company owing debts — Whether company unable to pay its debts — Whether debt disputed — Sections 125(1)(e) and 125(2)(a) Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act 2018 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Insolvency Law — Winding up — Service of statutory demand — Whether statutory demand served at registered office of company –– Rule 68(1)(b) Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution (Corporate Insolvency and Restructuring) Rules 2020 1 Criminal Law — Appeal — Statutory offences — Employment of Foreign Manpower Act 1 Insolvency Law - Winding up - Liquidator 1 Equity — Fiduciary relationships — Breach of fiduciary duty — Remedies 1 Insolvency Law — Bankruptcy — Proof of debt — Relevant date for valuation of proofs of debt 1 Equity — Remedies — Account — Whether claim for an account is a claim for a liquidated or unliquidated sum 1 Equity — Remedies — Whether remedies for breaches of trust and fiduciary duty are restitutionary in character 1 Equity — Fiduciary relationships — Breach of fiduciary duty — Time of accrual of cause of action for breach of fiduciary duty 1 Equity — Remedies — Equitable compensation — Whether claim for equitable compensation is a claim for a liquidated or unliquidated sum 1 Insolvency Law — Bankruptcy — Trustee in bankruptcy — Application for directions — Section 40(2) Bankruptcy Act (Cap 20, 2009 Rev Ed) Insolvency Law — Bankruptcy — Proof of debt — Whether claim against bankrupt for breach of fiduciary duty is a provable debt — Section 87(3) Bankruptcy Act (Cap 20, 2009 Rev Ed) 1 Civil Procedure — Costs — Certificate of costs for three solicitors 1 Trusts — Trustees 1 Insolvency Law — Bankruptcy — Dismissal of bankruptcy application for “sufficient cause” — Section 316(1)(e) Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act 2018 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Tort — Conspiracy — Conspiracy by unlawful means 1 Contract — Formation — Whether there was an oral contract 1 Civil Procedure — Summary judgment — Whether defendant had a real or bona fide defence to the claimant’s claim 1 Civil Procedure — Summary judgment — Effect of counterclaim — Whether a stay of execution of the summary judgment should be granted pending the trial of the counterclaim 1 Agency — Implied authority of agent 1 Agency — Third party and principal’s relations — Tortious liability 1 Criminal Law — Special exceptions — Diminished responsibility 1 Trusts — Trustees — Powers — Right of recoupment 1 Trusts — Trustees — Administration actions — O 80 r 2 of the Rules of Court (2014 Rev Ed) 1 Credit and Security — Charges — Extension of time for registering charge created by company 1 Civil Procedure — Striking out — Affidavit and other documents 1 Contract — Mistake — Non est factum 1 Civil Procedure — Appeals — Notice — Appeals against costs order — Inherent jurisdiction 1 Criminal Law — Statutory offences — Prisons Act 1 Criminal Law — Statutory offences — Corrosive and Explosive Substances and Offensive Weapons Act 1 Arbitration — Award — Recourse against award — Setting aside — Arbitral tribunal making finding on unpleaded issue in the course of disposing of pleaded issue — Whether arbitral tribunal’s finding made in breach of natural justice — Section 24(b) International Arbitration Act 1994 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Arbitration — Award — Recourse against award — Setting aside — Party alleging arbitral tribunal’s finding on evidence “manifestly incoherent” — When award may be set aside on basis that arbitral tribunal’s finding is “manifestly incoherent” — Section 24(b) International Arbitration Act 1994 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Arbitration — Award — Recourse against award — Setting aside — Arbitral tribunal making finding on unpleaded issue in the course of disposing of pleaded issue — Whether arbitral tribunal acted in excess of jurisdiction by making finding on unpleaded issue — Article 34(2)(a)(iii) UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration 1 Tort — Negligence — Motor accidents 1 Administrative Law — Judicial review — Irrelevant considerations 1 Administrative Law — Natural justice — Procedural fairness – Sufficient information and opportunity to present case 1 Legal Profession — Disciplinary proceedings — Applicant pursuant to sections 16(4) and 98 of the Legal Profession Act 1966 1 Choses in Action – Assignment 1 Contract — Formation — Intention to create legal relations 1 Insolvency Law — Winding up — Service of statutory demand — Requirements for proper service of statutory demand in Section 125(2)(a) Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act 2018 (2020 Rev Ed) and Section 48A Interpretation Act 1965 (2020 Rev Ed) to trigger presumption of insolvency for company to be wound up 1 Restitution — Laches 1 Trusts — Bare trusts 1 Probate and Administration — Personal representatives — Standing 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Sentencing — Voluntarily causing hurt which causes grievous hurt — Section 323A Penal Code (Cap 224, 2008 Rev Ed) 1 Arbitration — Award — Recourse against award — Setting aside — Tribunal issuing award past deadline contained in institutional rules — Effect of delay on tribunal’s jurisdiction 1 Arbitration — Award — Recourse against award — Setting aside — Party alleging that false evidence tendered in arbitration — Whether award procured by fraud — Section 24(a) International Arbitration Act 1994 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Arbitration — Award — Recourse against award — Setting aside — Breach of natural justice — Whether tribunal exhibited apparent bias in conduct of proceedings and in award — Section 24(b) International Arbitration Act 1994 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Arbitration — Award — Recourse against award — Setting aside — Breach of natural justice — Tribunal not dealing with counterclaim after disposing of main claim — Whether tribunal failed to deal with essential issues in arbitration — Section 24(b) International Arbitration Act 1994 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Arbitration — Award — Recourse against award — Setting aside — Tribunal issuing award past deadline contained in institutional rules — Whether award liable to be set aside due to deviation from parties’ agreed procedure — Art 34(2)(a)(iv) UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration 1 Arbitration — Award — Recourse against award — Setting aside — Breach of natural justice — Tribunal alleged to have adopted “irrational or capricious” chain of reasoning — Whether party had sufficient notice of tribunal’s chain of reasoning and opportunity to respond — Section 24(b) International Arbitration Act 1994 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Civil Procedure — Summary judgment — Appellant seeking to resile from factual concession 1 Banking — Banker’s books — Proceedings — Civil 1 Civil Procedure — Discovery of documents — Application for inspection of “banker’s book” — Section 175(1) Evidence Act 1893 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Courts and Jurisdiction — Application to transfer proceedings from District Court to High Court — Claim instituted in District Court potentially exceeding its jurisdictional limit 1 Statutory Interpretation — Penal statutes 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Appeal — Acquittal 1 Criminal Law — Offences — Endangered species — Assisting another to retain benefits from criminal conduct 1 Land — Easements — Creation — Section 97A of the Land Titles Act 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Trials — Transfer of cases 1 Restitution — Mistake — Mistake of fact 1 Confidence — Law of confidence — Remedies — Damages 1 Confidence — Law of confidence — Remedies — Account of Profits 1 Insolvency Law — Winding up — Grounds for petition — Whether company deemed unable to pay its debts — Sections 125(1)(e) and 125(2)(a) Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act 2018 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Conflict of laws — Recognition and enforcement of foreign insolvency proceedings — Submission to foreign insolvency proceeding 1 Arbitration — Arbitration agreements — Enforcement of arbitration agreements — Art II(3) Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards Concluded at New York on 10th June 1958 1 Insolvency Law — Cross-border insolvency — Recognition of foreign insolvency proceedings — Automatic moratorium arising on recognition as foreign main proceedings — Whether carve-out should be granted for arbitration to proceed — Art 20 UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency 1 Insolvency Law — Cross-border insolvency — Coordination of cross-border insolvency proceedings 1 Civil Procedure — Extension of time — Extension of time to file and serve notice of appeal — Order 18 rule 17(2) Rules of Court 2021 1 Companies — Directors — De facto 1 Companies — Directors — Shadow directors 1 Companies — Directors — Duties — Breach of directors’ duties 1 Insolvency Law — Winding up — Grounds for petition — Whether company has by special resolution resolved to be wound up — Section 125(1)(a) Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act 2018 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Landlord and Tenant — Termination of leases — Forfeiture — Repudiatory breach of the tenancy agreement 1 Landlord and Tenant — Termination of leases — Forfeiture — Requirements under s 18(1) of the Conveyancing and Law of Property Act 1 Landlord and Tenant — Termination of leases — Forfeiture — Prohibition against assignment, subletting, parting with and sharing of possession and use of demised premises — s 18(8) of the Conveyancing and Law of Property Act 1 Tort - Negligence - Duty of care 1 Tort - Negligence - Breach of duty 1 Criminal Law — Statutory offences — Workplace Safety and Health Act 1 Criminal Law — Offences — Section 201 Penal Code (Cap 224, 2008 Rev Ed) 1 Criminal Law — Offences — Statutory offences — Children and Young Persons Act (Cap 38, 2001 Rev Ed) 1 Criminal Law — Offences — Culpable homicide not amounting to murder —Section 304(a) Penal Code (Cap 224, 2008 Rev Ed) 1 Tort — Misrepresentation — Inducement — Whether representee was induced by false representation of fact to become nominee shareholder in company 1 Trusts — Resulting trusts — Presumed resulting trusts — Presumption of trust arising where moneys advanced to purchase shares registered in legal name of non-paying party 1 Contract — Implied contracts — Quantum meruit — Whether parties entered into contractual arrangement with implied term that nominee shareholder would be paid reasonable remuneration assessed on quantum meruit basis 1 Contract — Formation — Intention to create legal relations — Sham interest-free loan documents executed to give false impression of existence of loan agreement where parties never intended to create legal relations involving genuine loan arrangement 1 Contract — Discharge 1 Contract — Frustration 1 Companies — Schemes of arrangement — Whether creditors can be classified as potentially secured creditors 1 Criminal Law — Road Traffic Act – Careless driving 1 Contract — Termination 1 Contract — Waiver — Waiver by election where contracting party elects between inconsistent contractual rights — Whether receipt of payments by one contracting party from another contracting party communicates clearly and unequivocally an election to abandon contractual remedy for payment under accelerated liability for whole sum in favour of instalment payments with payment liabilities staggered pursuant to payment schedule in contract 1 Contract — Variation — No oral modification clause — Whether receipt of payments by one contracting party from another contracting party sufficient under all circumstances to rebut presumption of no oral variation in absence of agreement signed and in writing such as to maintain subsisting validity of instalment payments with payment liabilities staggered pursuant to payment schedule in contract notwithstanding contractual breach triggering acceleration of payment liability for whole sum due under acceleration provision in contract 1 Road Traffic — Offences — Reckless driving 1 Civil Procedure — Stay of proceedings — Whether there is multiplicity of proceedings between application to set aside liquidator's rejection of proof of debt and ongoing liquidation of separate company 1 Civil Procedure — Summary judgment — Applicable principles for grant or refusal of summary judgment 1 Contract — Contractual terms — Contracting party owing liability claiming set-off against sums due under settlement agreement — Whether contractual requisites for set-off sum to be engaged were satisfied 1 Contract — Contractual terms — Whether clauses were primary or secondary obligations — Whether clause in settlement agreement providing for full and accelerated payment upon failure to pay settlement sum in instalments by due dates was primary or secondary obligation 1 Arbitration — Agreement — Breach — Anti-suit injunction 1 Courts and Jurisdiction — Court judgments — Declaratory 1 Contract — Formation — Terms of agreement 1 Contract — Formation — Whether oral agreement was entered into 1 Civil Procedure - Originating processes 1 Contract — Contractual terms — Subject to contract clause 1 Contract — Contractual Terms — Unilateral mistake rectification 1 Contract — Contractual terms — Interpretation of contractual terms 1 Companies — Striking off defunct companies — Power to order name of company be restored to register where company name struck off by Registrar as defunct company — Factors for court to consider in determining whether to order company name be restored to register — Section 344(5) Companies Act 1967 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Insolvency Law — Administration of insolvent estates — Disposal of assets 1 Land — Conveyance — Conveyancing and Law of Property (Conveyancing) Rules 2011 1 Arbitration — Award — Recourse against award — Setting aside — Breach of natural justice — Section 24(b) International Arbitration Act 1994 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Civil Procedure — Stay of proceedings — Stay of execution — Interim stay of execution 1 Civil Procedure — Jurisdiction — Whether General Division of the High Court having jurisdiction to stay execution of order made by the Court of Appeal 1 Insolvency Law — Winding up — Power of court to stay or terminate winding up — Application to terminate winding up of company — Section 186(1)(b) Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act 2018 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Civil Procedure — Judgments and orders — Application for declaration or order that cause of action be deemed dismissed as of date of dismissal of appeal in separate legal proceedings 1 Tort — Conspiracy — Damages 1 Tort — Conspiracy — Unlawful act — Duress 1 Tort — Conspiracy — Unlawful act — Undue influence 1 Tort — Conspiracy — Unlawful act — Breach of fiduciary duties 1 Tort — Conspiracy — Lawful act — Predominant intention to injure 1 Tort — Conspiracy — Unlawful act — Breach of fiduciary duties — Self-dealing 1 Tort — Conspiracy — Unlawful act — Unlawful reliance on a purported resolution to pass other resolutions 1 Tort — Misrepresentation — Whether plaintiff can sue on representation made prior to its incorporation 1 Civil Procedure - Payments into and out of court - Payment into court to secure a stay of winding-up application - Whether payment into court should be paid out to satisfy alleged debt - Rules of Court 2021 - Order 3 r 2(2) 1 Revenue Law — Income taxation — Capital allowance 1 Equity — Defences — Acquiescence 1 Admiralty and Shipping — Bills of lading — Bills of Lading Act 1 Administrative Law — Disciplinary proceedings 1 Contract — Formation — Offer 1 Evidence — Presumptions — Effect of presumptions in relation to electronic records — Section 116A of the Evidence Act 1893 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Insolvency Law — Winding up — Grounds for petition — Whether company unable to pay its debts — Section 125(1)(e) Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act 2018 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Insolvency Law — Winding up — Grounds for petition — Whether company suspended business for whole year — Section 125(1)(c) Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act 2018 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Injunctions — Interlocutory injunction — Applicable test for interlocutory injunctions giving effect to restraint of trade clauses 1 Criminal Law — Elements of crime — Mens rea 1 Insolvency Law — Winding up — Proper claimant to be named on winding-up petition — Section 124(1)(h) Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act 2018 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Credit and Security — Bonds — Assignment 1 Companies — Directors — Duties — Breaches 1 Tort — Conspiracy — Conspiracy by lawful means and unlawful means 1 Limitation of actions — Equity and limitation of actions — Directors breaching fiduciary duties — Whether limitation defence applies — Section 22 Limitation Act 1959 1 Evidence — Proof of evidence — Defendant elects to call no evidence — Whether applicable test for plaintiff to discharge essential elements of claim is prima facie case 1 Road Traffic — Offences — Careless driving — Serious offender 1 Trusts — Variation — Statutory jurisdiction of court 1 Injunctions — Purposes for grant — Restraint of proceedings 1 Road Traffic — Offences — Careless driving 1 Insolvency Law — Winding up — Provisional liquidator 1 Credit and Security — Bonds — Construction 1 Credit and Security — Performance bond — Strict compliance with terms when making call on performance bond — Whether valid demand was made 1 Credit and Security — Performance bond — Unconscionability exception — Whether call on performance bond unconscionable and ought to be restrained 1 Civil Procedure — Injunctions — Interim injunctions — Principles — Distinction between prohibitory and mandatory injunctions 1 Contract — Illegality and public policy — Whether alleged breach of Mareva injunction capable of rendering contract void and unenforceable 1 Insolvency Law — Administration of insolvent estates — Statutory injunctions — Section 270 Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act 2018 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Civil Procedure — Injunctions — Interim Injunctions — Ancillary disclosure orders — Whether ancillary disclosure orders may be made in respect of prohibitory injunctions 1 Insolvency Law — Avoidance of transactions — Unfair preferences — Principles — Whether grant of security and assignment of receivables to parent company constituted unfair preferences — Section 225 Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act 2018 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Credit and Security — Charges — Non-registration of charges — Charge over shares of subsidiary alleged to be void against liquidator — Whether created security constituted registrable charge — Whether unregistered charge void against provisional liquidator — Whether enforcement of charge rendered charge spent prior to appointment of liquidator — Sections 131(1) and 131(3) Companies Act 1967 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Damages — Apportionment — Claim for contribution by judgment debtor against other jointly and severally liable judgment debtor — Section 15(1) Civil Law Act 1909 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Insolvency Law - Winding up - Winding-up order - Discretion to order winding up 1 Civil Procedure — Striking out — Breach of “unless order” — Whether sanction in “unless order” automatic in effect — Whether striking out proportionate response to breach of “unless order” — Scope of inquiry into proportionality 1 Arbitration — Enforcement — Foreign award — Breach of “unless order” made in proceedings to enforce foreign award — Whether striking out proceedings to enforce foreign award contrary to pro-enforcement policy or principle of minimal curial intervention 1 Civil Procedure — Production of documents — Breach of “unless orders” — — Party claiming in affidavit verifying list of documents that no further documents in possession or control — Requirements of explanation in affidavit verifying list of documents — Whether affidavit verifying list of documents deficient 1 Civil Procedure — Production of documents — Breach of “unless orders” — Whether “unless order” for production of documents breached — Whether “plain and obvious” that party in “possession or control” of further documents responsive to specific production order — Test for “control” — O 11 r 3 of the Rules of Court 2021 1 Arbitration — Enforcement — Foreign award — Breach of “unless order” made in proceedings to enforce foreign award — Whether striking out proceedings to enforce foreign award contrary to Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards Concluded at New York on 10th June 1958 — Articles III and V of the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards Concluded at New York on 10th June 1958 1 Arbitration — Award — Recourse against award — Setting aside — Breach of natural justice — Whether tribunal exhibited apparent bias in conduct of proceedings and in award 1 Contract — Ratification 1 Civil Procedure — Jurisdiction — Inherent 1 Trusts — Trustees — Duties — Common law duty of care to manage and administer trust as ordinary prudent man of business would 1 Trusts — Trustees — Duties — Statutory duty of care to exercise such care and skill as is reasonable in circumstances when exercising general power of investment — Section 3A Trustees Act 1967 (2020 Rev Ed) 1 Equity — Remedies — Account — Account on wilful default basis — Applicable test for showing wilful default of trustee — Whether trustee displayed want of ordinary prudence in conduct and administration of trust 1 Civil Procedure — Pleadings — Amendment — Principles applicable to grant of permission to amend pleadings — Whether to allow amendment of reply close to start of civil trial where amendment is responsive to pleading in amended defence 1 Equity — Maxims — Defences — Whether beneficiaries alleging breaches of trust came to court of equity with clean hands — Relationship between clean hands doctrine in equity and Ochroid Trading approach to illegality doctrine in common law 1 Succession and Wills — Construction — Application of armchair principle to construction of meaning of testament constituting express testamentary trust — Whether testament on proper construction conferred power on trustee to effect conversion of preference share in company held on trust into ordinary share notwithstanding trustee holds ordinary shares in same company as absolute owner 1 Equity — Fiduciary relationships — Fiduciary relationship of trustee and beneficiary — Whether fiduciary breached no-conflict rule — Whether fiduciary placed himself in position where duty to principal and personal interest may conflict in approving amendment to company constitution negating rights of trust property in form of preference share whilst holding ordinary shares in same company as absolute owner 1 Trusts — Breach of trust — Remedies — Remedy of falsification — Application of remedy of falsification to default of trustee on custodial stewardship duty — No causal inquiry where substitutive remedy of falsification is engaged — Disallowing sale of company shares held on trust where trust shares were sold by trustee at sale price below market value with corresponding obligation on trustee to reconstitute trust estate in specie 1 Trusts — Breach of trust — Exclusion of liability — Construction of exclusion of liability clause — Restrictive interpretation of clause purporting to exclude liability of trustee — Armitage v Nurse approach to construction of exclusion of liability clauses in trusts instruments — Whether phrase “absolute discretion” in trust instrument enlarged trustee’s powers — Whether phrase “absolute discretion” abridged trustee’s duties — Whether phrase “absolute discretion” amounted to valid and enforceable exclusion of liability clause 1 Trusts — Breach of trust — Remedies — Remedy of surcharging — Application of remedy of surcharging to default of trustee on management stewardship duty — Causal inquiry to identify what prudent trustee would have done in hypothetical assessment of how trustee should have acted — Whether hypothetical prudent trustee would have approved amendment to company constitution negating rights of trust property in form of preference share without accretion of equivalent value to trust estate to compensate for corresponding loss of market value of share 1 Civil Procedure — Affidavits — Principles applicable to grant of permission to adduce new affidavit of evidence-in-chief after deadline for filing and exchanging of affidavits of evidence-in-chief between litigants has elapsed — Two-stage test of relevance and prejudice for allowing new affidavit of evidence-in-chief to be admitted into evidence — Whether undue prejudice is occasioned to litigant where opposing party seeks to introduce new affidavit of evidence-in-chief addressing new points of fact close to start of civil trial after deadline for affidavits of evidence-in-chief to be filed and exchange between them has passed 1 Tort — Malicious Falsehood 1 Conflict of Laws — Jurisdiction 1 Insolvency Law — Administration of insolvent estates — Judicial management — Discounting of creditors’ votes in a statement of proposal — Whether votes of related party creditors should be discounted 1 Insolvency Law — Administration of insolvent estates — Judicial management — Creditor applying for removal of judicial managers — Whether removal of judicial managers was in real, substantial and honest interest of judicial management 1 Companies — Members — Whether principle of reflective loss prevented shareholder from claiming against nominee director 1 Damages — Assessment — The Law Society of Singapore’s Conditions of Sale 2012 1 Damages — Assessment — Whether benefits arising from mitigatory steps must be credited against damages as assessed 1 Criminal Law — Complicity — Common intention 1 Offences — Attempted murder 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Initiation of proceedings 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Sentencing — Totality principle 1 Damages 1 Companies — Receiver and manager — Remuneration of 1 Statutory Interpretation — Construction of statute — Sections 78(2) and 78(3) of the Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act 2018 1 Insolvency Law — Winding up — Liquidator — Duties 1 Insolvency Law — Avoidance of transactions — Transactions at an undervalue — Remedies 1 Insolvency Law — Avoidance of transactions — Transactions at an undervalue — Value of consideration given 1 Insolvency Law — Avoidance of transactions — Transactions at an undervalue — Value of consideration received 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Charge — Joinder of same or similar offences — Whether offences form the same transaction 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Joint trial of offenders — Whether offences committed in the same transaction — Whether joinder causes prejudice to defendant 1 Contract — Contractual discretions 1 Civil Procedure - Injunctions - Anti-suit injunction 1 Conflict of Laws - Restraint of foreign proceedings - Comity - Anti-suit injunction 1 Conflict of Laws - Restraint of foreign proceedings - Breach of agreement - Anti-suit injunction 1 Conflict of Laws - Restraint of foreign proceedings - Vexatious and oppressive conduct - Anti-suit injunction 1 Contract — Formation — Whether alleged agreements were sham agreements 1 Tort — Conspiracy — Lawful and unlawful means – Whether claimant suffered loss as a result of the conspiracy 1 Evidence — Admissibility of evidence — Similar fact evidence 1 Statutory Interpretation — Penal statutes — Presumption against retrospective operation 1 Constitutional Law — Natural justice — Bias 1 Admiralty And Shipping — Admiralty jurisdiction and arrest — Stay of action proceedings 1 Admiralty And Shipping — Practice and procedure of action in rem — Duty of disclosure 1 Criminal Law — Offences — Unlawful assembly — Common object 1 Criminal Law — Offences — Section 147 of the Penal Code (Cap 224, 2008 Rev Ed) 1 Insolvency Law — Bankruptcy — Seizure of bankrupt’s books, papers or records 1 Damages — Measure of damages — Personal injuries cases — Appropriate multiplier and multiplicand 1 Damages — Measure of damages — Personal injuries cases — Pre-trial expenses — Pre-trial loss of earnings — Pre-trial loss of earnings of the plaintiff’s caregiver 1 Damages — Measure of damages — Personal injuries cases — General damages — Pain and Suffering — Loss of future earnings — Loss of retirement benefits — Future losses and expenses 1 Damages — Measure of damages — Personal injuries cases — Whether the plaintiff is entitled to damages for pre-trial loss of earnings of the plaintiff’s caregiver, who is also the tortfeasor 1 Damages — Measure of damages — Personal injuries cases — Paragraph 159 of the Supreme Court Practice Directions 2013 — Application of “Actuarial Tables with Explanatory Notes for use in Personal Injury and Death Claims” — Adjustment for other vicissitudes 1 Equity — Knowing receipt 1 Equity — Dishonest assistance 1 Restitution — Unjust enrichment — Proprietary restitution 1 Trusts — Constructive trusts — Institutional constructive trusts — Remedial constructive trusts 1 Courts and Jurisdiction — Vexatious litigants — Litigant persistently re-litigating final and unappealable decisions — Whether to grant extended civil restraint order — Section 73C Supreme Court of Judicature Act 1 Civil Procedure — Stay of execution of judgment pending appeal — Conditions to be imposed 1 Civil Procedure — Privileges — Without prejudice privilege 1 Civil Procedure — Privileges — Disapplication of without prejudice privilege — Admission of liability 1 Civil Procedure — Privileges — Threshold for finding an oral admission of liability on disputed facts 1 Injunctions – Erinford injunctions 1 Building and Construction Law — Performance bond — Injunction 1 Building and Construction Law — Statutes and regulations — Covid-19 — Reliefs under the COVID-19 (Temporary Measures) Act 2020 1 Building and Construction Law — Dispute resolution — Legal proceedings — Whether adjudication determination was severable 1 Building and Construction Law — Statutes and regulations — Date of service of payment response — Section 11(1)(b) of the Building and Construction Industry Security of Payment Act 1 Equity — Estoppel — Promissory estoppel — Contractor objecting that it served an invalid payment response — Whether contractor was estopped from making that objection for failure to speak up earlier 1 Succession and Wills — Construction — Meaning of “custody, care and control” 1 Succession and Wills ¬— Codicils — Conditions for grandsons to qualify as beneficiaries under a will 1 Succession and Wills — Conditions — Grandsons who remain within the custody, care and control of the testator’s sons 1 Succession and Wills — Construction — Meaning of “surviving grandsons born … within twenty-one (21) years of my death” 1 Arbitration — Award — Recourse against award — Setting aside — Competing arbitration and non-exclusive jurisdiction clauses —Whether tribunal exceeded its jurisdiction 1 Arbitration — Award — Recourse against award — Setting aside — Whether award contravened foreign law and public policy — Whether award contravened Singapore public policy 1 Legal Profession - Show cause action 1 Legal Profession - Disciplinary proceedings 1 Banking — Lending and security — Legal mortgages — Whether reference to the “ship” includes “gaming equipment” on board 1 Deeds and Other Instruments — Deeds — Interpretation — Whether reference to the vessel’s “appurtenances” includes “gaming equipment” on board — Whether reference to the vessel’s “belongings” includes “gaming equipment” on board 1 Admiralty and Shipping — Practice and procedure of action in rem — Payment out of proceeds of sale — Whether “gaming equipment” was included in a ship mortgage — Whether there is sufficient evidence that there was “gaming equipment” on board the vessel belonging to the mortgagor 1 Insolvency Law — Avoidance of transactions — Transactions at an undervalue — Whether it is appropriate to make a payment order 1 Insolvency Law — Avoidance of transactions — Transactions at an undervalue — Whether a waiver is a transaction at an undervalue 1 Companies — Receiver and Manager — Judicial management order — Competing nominations for appointment of interim judicial manager — Whether interim judicial manager nominated by applicant company or creditors of company should be appointed 1 Insolvency Law — Administration of insolvent estates — Judicial management — Competing nominations for appointment of interim judicial manager — Whether interim judicial manager nominated by applicant company or creditors of company should be appointed 1 Restitution — Unjust enrichment — Subsidiarity principle 1 Restitution — Unjust enrichment — Defence of change of position 1 Insolvency Law — Schemes of arrangement — Extension of moratoria 1 Insolvency Law — Winding up — Liquidator — Whether liquidator may be given leave to appoint solicitor 1 Contempt of Court — Civil Contempt — Appropriate quantum of fine 1 Contempt of Court — Civil Contempt — Whether custodial sentence warranted 1 Contempt of Court — Civil Contempt — Whether breach of court order intentional 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Sentencing — Young offender convicted of serious offence — Whether rehabilitation dominant consideration 1 Civil Procedure — Striking Out — Whether unless order breached 1 Civil Procedure — Striking Out — Whether striking out is proportionate response to breach of unless order 1 Criminal Law — Statutory offences — Prevention of Corruption Act 1960 — Corruptly attempting to obtain gratification 1 Arbitration — Commencement — Extension of time 1 Contract — Oral contract 1 Contract — Loan agreement 1 Limitation of Actions — Extension of limitation period — Acknowledgment 1 Restitution — Failure of consideration — Total failure of consideration 1 Arbitration — Award — Interim award 1 Arbitration — Conduct of arbitration — Rules 1 Criminal Law — Offences — House-trespass 1 Criminal Law — Offences — Personating a public servant 1 Criminal Procedure and Sentencing — Sentencing— Preventive detention 1 Admiralty and Shipping — Admiralty jurisdiction and arrest — Wrongful arrest — Damages for wrongful arrest 1 Admiralty and Shipping — Bills of lading — Bills of Lading Act 1992 — Vesting of rights of suit under the contract of carriage 1 Admiralty and Shipping — Bills of lading — Switch bills of lading — Breach of contract — Whether shipowner wrongfully issued switch bills of lading in breach of contract 1 Admiralty and Shipping — Bills of lading — Switch bills of lading — Bailment — Whether shipowner as bailee owed trade financing bank duty in bailment — Whether shipowner breached duty as bailee 1 Admiralty and Shipping — Bills of lading — Switch bills of lading — Duty of care — Whether shipowner owed trade financing bank duty of care in issuing switch bills of lading — Whether shipowner breached duty of care in agreeing to issue and issuing switch bills of lading 1 Companies — Receiver and manager — Duties to mortgagor — Duties to chargor 1 Companies — Receiver and manager — Accounts — Whether receiver owes duty to account to mortgagor 1 Civil Procedure — Costs — Taxation — Allegation of overcharging — Party lacks control over legal fees — Whether special circumstances exist — Section 122 Legal Profession Act 1 Companies — Receiver and manager — Production of documents by receiver — Whether production of documents should be ordered — Whether production of documents determined by ownership or “need to know” 1 Civil Procedure — Costs — Taxation — Party requesting taxation neither client nor party chargeable — Party requesting taxation contractually liable to indemnify legal fees — Whether party liable to pay bill to party chargeable — Section 120(1) Legal Profession Act 1 Contempt of Court — Civil Contempt — Leave to commence committal proceedings 1 Arbitration — Commencement — Notice 1 Contract — Breach — Remedies 1 Contract — Formation — Whether contract existed 1 Contract — Discharge — Rescission — Contracts procured by bribery 1 Agency — Apparent authority — Whether employee had apparent authority 1 Agency — Actual authority — Whether employee had implied actual authority 1 Civil Procedure — Parties — Consolidation 1 Civil Procedure — Production of documents — Privilege 1 Civil Procedure — Production of documents — Specific production 1 Damages - Assessment - Loss of future earnings 1 Companies — Winding up — Discretion — Abuse of process 1 Companies — Winding up — Suspending business for a whole year 1 Companies — Winding up — Just and equitable ground — Loss of substratum 1 Companies — Winding up — Failure to commence business within a year of incorporation 1 Companies — Winding up — Discretion — Availability of alternative buy-out mechanism 1 Conflict of Laws — Enforcement — Foreign award 1 Contract - Breach 1 Contract - Discharge - Breach 1 Contract - Remedies - Damages 1 Contract - Remedies - Mitigation of damage 1 Contract - Contractual terms - Implied terms 1 Legal Profession — Duties — Client 1 Legal Profession — Solicitor’s undertaking 1 Criminal Law — Complicity — Criminal conspiracy 1 Criminal Law — Offences — Property — Receiving stolen property 1 Civil procedure — Injunctions — Whether an injunction should be granted to protect the court’s processes, jurisdiction and judgments 1 Contract — Formation — Acceptance — Whether a solicitor’s proposal to enter into an exclusive jurisdiction agreement subject to the client’s final approval was an offer capable of acceptance 1 Civil procedure — Injunctions — Whether it was vexatious and oppressive for a limitation defendant to commence and/or prosecute foreign proceedings after limitation proceedings commenced in Singapore 1 Arbitration — Agreement — Scope — Whether alleged contractual defences contained in the bills of lading rendered the tort claim one “arising out of or in connection with” the contract of carriage evidenced by the bills of lading 1 Arbitration — Agreement — Scope — Whether a stand-alone tort claim for damage done by shipowner/carrier to a trestle bridge owned by the cargo shipper is a dispute “arising out of or in connection with” the contract of carriage evidenced by bills of lading 1 Injunctions — Mandatory injunction 1 Injunctions — Interlocutory injunction — Interlocutory injunction giving effect to restraint of trade clauses 1 Civil Procedure — Disclosure of documents — Riddick principle — Whether permission of court required to use documents 1 Civil Procedure — Disclosure of documents — Riddick principle — Whether balance of interest in favour of granting permission 1 Abuse of Process — Riddick principle — Whether proceedings for the enforcement of judgment debt were brought for a collateral purpose 1 Revenue Law — Goods and Services Tax (GST) — Appeals — Whether appeal on fact or law 1 Revenue Law — Goods and Services Tax (GST) — Appeals — Scope of appeal from decision of GST Board of Review 1 Revenue Law — Goods and Services Tax (GST) — Appeals — Appeal on “question of law” and “question of mixed law and fact” 1 Insolvency Law — Judicial management — Judicial management order 1 Insolvency Law — Judicial management — Appointment of judicial manager 1